{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6908480390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25777/xy0g-x273","title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Methods and Evaluation","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Methods and Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6908480390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25777/xy0g-x273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:emse_etds-1234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/emse_etds/234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196314","display_name":"ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","host_organization_name":"Old Dominion University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25777/xy0g-x273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Grigoryan, Gayane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092569","display_name":"Dominion University College","ror":"https://ror.org/003kqe171","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["GH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grigoryan, Gayane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092569","https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092569","https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14380","display_name":"Libraries and Information Services","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14380","display_name":"Libraries and Information Services","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14388","display_name":"Medieval European History and Architecture","score":0.03680000081658363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14101","display_name":"Financial Crisis of the 21st Century","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shapley-value","display_name":"Shapley value","score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.41350001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199022921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240046","display_name":"Shapley value","level":3,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781416736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105354050","display_name":"Cooperative game theory","level":3,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2639959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344778","display_name":"Distance measures","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:emse_etds-1234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/emse_etds/234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196314","display_name":"ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","host_organization_name":"Old Dominion University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"doi:10.25777/xy0g-x273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25777/xy0g-x273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052306","display_name":"Old Dominion University","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25777/xy0g-x273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25777/xy0g-x273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052306","display_name":"Old Dominion University","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,23],"wide":[1],"array":[2],"of":[3,17,26,32,52,125,133,175,183,192,205,214,227],"techniques":[4,229],"within":[5],"explainable":[6],"artificial":[7],"intelligence":[8],"(XAI)":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11,78],"developed":[12],"to":[13,74,135,171,199,218,241,276],"measure":[14,219],"the":[15,38,49,53,64,123,131,145,148,152,173,181,184,189,201,212,225,257],"importance":[16,154,165,177,221,233,267,283,295],"features":[18,116],"in":[19,105,179,209],"machine":[20],"learning":[21],"models.":[22],"notable":[24],"portion":[25],"these":[27,95,140,228,239],"methods":[28,92,102,178,191,240,268,274],"draws":[29],"upon":[30],"principles":[31],"cooperative":[33,60],"game":[34,61],"theory":[35],"(CGT),":[36],"with":[37,113,151],"Shapley":[39,54,272],"value":[40],"emerging":[41],"as":[42,63],"a":[43,159],"widely":[44],"used":[45,248],"solution":[46],"concept.":[47],"Despite":[48],"rising":[50],"prominence":[51],"value,":[55],"other":[56,96],"promising":[57],"solutions":[58,73,98,217],"from":[59],"theory\u2014such":[62],"Nucleolus,":[65],"Banzhaf":[66,259],"power":[67,70,260],"index,":[68,71],"Shapley-Shubik":[69],"and":[72,108,117,195,236,262],"conflicting":[75,263],"claims":[76,264],"problems\u2014have":[77],"comparatively":[79],"overlooked,":[80],"even":[81],"though":[82],"they":[83],"hold":[84],"significant":[85],"potential.":[86],"In":[87,156],"this":[88,157,206],"dissertation,":[89,158],"multiple":[90],"XAI":[91,137],"based":[93],"on":[94],"CGT":[97,216],"are":[99],"proposed.":[100],"These":[101],"were":[103],"applied":[104],"both":[106,114],"linear":[107],"classification":[109],"scenarios,":[110],"addressing":[111],"datasets":[112],"independent":[115],"multicollinearity":[118],"concerns.":[119],"Prior":[120],"work":[121],"considered":[122],"sensitivity":[124],"explanations":[126,134],"through":[127],"permutation":[128,163,193,231],"tests":[129,194],"or":[130,147],"accuracy":[132],"evaluate":[136,293],"methods.":[138,296],"However,":[139],"approaches":[141],"do":[142],"not":[143],"address":[144],"uncertainty":[146],"consistency":[149,174],"associated":[150],"feature":[153,176,220,266,282,294],"evaluations.":[155],"weighted":[160,196],"Shannon":[161,197],"entropy-based":[162],"relative":[164,232],"evaluation":[166,234],"(PRIME)":[167],"metric":[168,187],"is":[169],"proposed":[170],"assess":[172],"determining":[180],"relevance":[182],"features.":[185],"This":[186],"integrates":[188],"established":[190],"entropy":[198],"conduct":[200],"evaluation.":[202],"The":[203,253,285],"novelty":[204],"dissertation":[207],"lies":[208],"(1)":[210],"demonstrating":[211],"applicability":[213],"numerous":[215],"values,":[222],"(2)":[223],"showing":[224],"effectiveness":[226],"using":[230],"metric,":[235],"(3)":[237],"employing":[238],"investigate":[242],"input":[243],"data":[244],"that":[245,256,289],"can":[246,291],"be":[247],"for":[249],"an":[250],"agent-based":[251],"model.":[252],"results":[254],"show":[255],"Shapley-Shubik,":[258],"index":[261],"problems-based":[265],"offer":[269],"advantages":[270],"over":[271],"value-based":[273],"due":[275],"their":[277],"unique":[278],"properties":[279],"when":[280],"explaining":[281],"values.":[284],"findings":[286],"also":[287],"demonstrate":[288],"PRIME":[290],"effectively":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}