{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118118463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011697","title":"Improving Robustness of Autonomous Earth-Observing Spacecraft Using Training Environment Enhancements","display_name":"Improving Robustness of Autonomous Earth-Observing Spacecraft Using Training Environment Enhancements","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118118463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i011697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073206122","display_name":"Lorenzzo Quevedo Mantovani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-7491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzzo Quevedo Mantovani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-7491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085418982","display_name":"Hanspeter Schaub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0002-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanspeter Schaub","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0002-6035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.8904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98726426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"293","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.4717999994754791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.4717999994754791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.26899999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.11909999698400497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8306999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.3264000117778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8306999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987528665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854845","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","level":3,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i011697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7578608655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9453-22-2-0050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523217322","https://openalex.org/W2045599420","https://openalex.org/W2110599800","https://openalex.org/W2168359464","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2767050701","https://openalex.org/W2968116426","https://openalex.org/W2981381983","https://openalex.org/W2982095652","https://openalex.org/W3006904299","https://openalex.org/W3011133888","https://openalex.org/W3021157350","https://openalex.org/W3027220477","https://openalex.org/W3123742938","https://openalex.org/W3152097976","https://openalex.org/W3172440881","https://openalex.org/W3198125712","https://openalex.org/W3198883153","https://openalex.org/W4200487833","https://openalex.org/W4221110788","https://openalex.org/W4221161138","https://openalex.org/W4294549690","https://openalex.org/W4294690805","https://openalex.org/W4322730824","https://openalex.org/W4376114547","https://openalex.org/W4385767661","https://openalex.org/W4387020153","https://openalex.org/W4388225464","https://openalex.org/W4389150099","https://openalex.org/W4390494915","https://openalex.org/W4393343041","https://openalex.org/W4396875991","https://openalex.org/W4402265931","https://openalex.org/W4405428834","https://openalex.org/W4406927978","https://openalex.org/W4407014066","https://openalex.org/W4407412218","https://openalex.org/W4408307901","https://openalex.org/W4410729840"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"is":[2,127,180],"developing":[3],"autonomous":[4],"policies":[5,76],"for":[6,70],"agile":[7],"Earth-observing":[8],"satellite":[9],"(AEOS)":[10],"tasking":[11],"using":[12],"deep":[13],"reinforcement":[14],"learning":[15],"(DRL).":[16],"Prior":[17],"work":[18],"uses":[19],"a":[20,33,36,122,148,183,188,194],"fixed":[21],"training":[22,45,56,140,167,176],"environment":[23,46,57,177],"with":[24,141],"enhanced":[25],"safety":[26],"challenges":[27],"to":[28,31,79,81,91,113,129,152],"allow":[29],"DRL":[30,63],"train":[32],"policy":[34,155],"over":[35,110],"short":[37,93],"number":[38],"of":[39,121],"orbits.":[40],"This":[41,137],"paper":[42,138],"investigates":[43,139],"how":[44],"enhancements":[47],"can":[48],"improve":[49,153],"these":[50,100],"policies\u2019":[51],"robustness":[52,126,156],"by":[53],"varying":[54],"the":[55,92],"and":[58,73,105,133,147,157,171,193],"extending":[59],"simulated":[60,94],"mission":[61,95,135],"times.":[62,96],"enables":[64],"real-time,":[65],"onboard":[66],"decision-making":[67],"while":[68],"accounting":[69],"complex":[71],"dynamics":[72],"constraints.":[74],"However,":[75],"often":[77],"struggle":[78],"generalize":[80],"longer":[82,165],"missions":[83],"or":[84],"conditions":[85],"different":[86],"from":[87],"training,":[88],"partly":[89],"due":[90,112],"Multi-spacecraft":[97],"systems":[98],"amplify":[99],"challenges,":[101],"where":[102],"battery":[103],"capacity":[104],"solar":[106],"panel":[107],"efficiency":[108],"diverge":[109],"time":[111],"external":[114],"factors.":[115],"Although":[116],"satellites":[117],"might":[118],"run":[119],"copies":[120],"single":[123],"policy,":[124],"its":[125],"essential":[128],"accommodate":[130],"agent":[131],"variability":[132],"ensure":[134],"success.":[136],"two":[142],"curricula,":[143],"constantly":[144],"degraded":[145,172],"environments,":[146],"domain":[149],"randomization":[150],"approach":[151],"AEOS":[154],"performance.":[158],"Policies":[159],"are":[160],"tested":[161],"on":[162],"episodes":[163,168],"125-times":[164],"than":[166],"under":[169],"nominal":[170],"conditions.":[173],"The":[174],"proposed":[175],"enhancements\u2019":[178],"applicability":[179],"demonstrated":[181],"in":[182,191,197],"heterogeneous":[184],"spacecraft":[185],"system,":[186],"achieving":[187],"63%":[189],"reduction":[190],"failures":[192],"2.8%":[195],"increase":[196],"median":[198],"cumulative":[199],"reward.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-01-04T00:00:00"}