{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161044739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011071","title":"Verification of Image-Based Neural Network Controllers Using Generative Models","display_name":"Verification of Image-Based Neural Network Controllers Using Generative Models","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161044739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011071","mag":"3161044739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i011071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052884317","display_name":"Sydney M. Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-5145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sydney M. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-5145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003467296","display_name":"Anthony Corso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony L. Corso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013912726","display_name":"Christopher A. Strong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-6852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher A. Strong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068326377","display_name":"Mykel J. Kochenderfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mykel J. Kochenderfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052884317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91806142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"574","last_page":"584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.739304780960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.6259241104125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6249808669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.568128228187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5357756614685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5338353514671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.47152313590049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45850640535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44995102286338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.39912188053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19970735907554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10373169183731079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.739304780960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.6259241104125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6249808669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.568128228187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5357756614685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5338353514671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.47152313590049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45850640535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44995102286338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.39912188053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19970735907554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10373169183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i011071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G561890018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC20M0163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G596545034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE\u20131656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1424654272","https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W2144931885","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2565186948","https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2604347212","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2794022343","https://openalex.org/W2794609696","https://openalex.org/W2795725650","https://openalex.org/W2806163172","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2890472662","https://openalex.org/W2893554781","https://openalex.org/W2899116309","https://openalex.org/W2922172279","https://openalex.org/W2937274663","https://openalex.org/W2948180798","https://openalex.org/W2950499086","https://openalex.org/W2957311447","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963314509","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963735478","https://openalex.org/W2963836885","https://openalex.org/W2964144352","https://openalex.org/W2980176926","https://openalex.org/W2996094799","https://openalex.org/W3021083399","https://openalex.org/W3035204081","https://openalex.org/W3091412496","https://openalex.org/W3092184188","https://openalex.org/W3115503695","https://openalex.org/W3135208861","https://openalex.org/W3205041192","https://openalex.org/W3207272170","https://openalex.org/W3208857029","https://openalex.org/W4205950066","https://openalex.org/W4212774754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2788191623","https://openalex.org/W3151908889","https://openalex.org/W2946952476","https://openalex.org/W4200417262","https://openalex.org/W4308217387","https://openalex.org/W2904616728","https://openalex.org/W4224217118","https://openalex.org/W2974859913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"neural":[1,49,67,140],"networks":[2],"are":[3,152],"effective":[4],"tools":[5,118],"for":[6,111,137,143],"processing":[7],"information":[8],"from":[9],"image-based":[10,66,127,139],"sensors":[11],"to":[12,41,58,75,85,88,119,133,155,173],"produce":[13],"control":[14,98],"actions,":[15],"their":[16,20],"complex":[17],"nature":[18],"limits":[19],"use":[21,113],"in":[22,35,101],"safety-critical":[23],"systems.":[24],"For":[25],"this":[26],"reason,":[27],"recent":[28],"work":[29,71],"has":[30],"focused":[31],"on":[32,44,123],"combining":[33],"techniques":[34,54],"formal":[36,121],"methods":[37],"and":[38,61,166],"reachability":[39],"analysis":[40],"obtain":[42,120],"guarantees":[43,122,136,151],"the":[45,59,93,97,112,124,156,163,177,180],"closed-loop":[46,116],"performance":[47,125],"of":[48,65,114,126,158,182],"network":[50,68,84,95,99,103,141],"controllers.":[51,69,128],"However,":[52],"these":[53,77],"do":[55],"not":[56],"scale":[57],"high-dimensional":[60],"complicated":[62],"input":[63,90,107,159],"space":[64,181],"This":[70,129],"proposes":[72],"a":[73,81,102,105,168],"method":[74],"address":[76],"challenges":[78],"by":[79,162],"training":[80],"generative":[82],"adversarial":[83],"map":[86],"states":[87],"plausible":[89,183],"images.":[91,184],"Concatenating":[92],"generator":[94,164,178],"with":[96,104,153],"results":[100],"low-dimensional":[106],"space,":[108],"which":[109],"allows":[110],"existing":[115],"verification":[117],"approach":[130],"is":[131,171],"applied":[132],"provide":[134],"safety":[135],"an":[138,144],"controller":[142],"autonomous":[145],"aircraft":[146],"taxi":[147],"problem.":[148],"The":[149],"resulting":[150],"respect":[154],"set":[157],"images":[160],"modeled":[161],"network,":[165],"so":[167],"recall":[169],"metric":[170],"provided":[172],"evaluate":[174],"how":[175],"well":[176],"captures":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}