{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179580281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010961","title":"Cooperative Planning for an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Fleet Using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Cooperative Planning for an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Fleet Using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179580281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010961","mag":"3179580281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018443875","display_name":"Burak Y\u00fcksek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-0618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burak Yuksek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059454205","display_name":"Mustafa Umut Demi\u0307rezen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-4238"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Umut Demirezen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Transformation Office, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 06550 Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Transformation Office, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 06550 Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037931913","display_name":"G\u00f6khan \u0130nalhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gokhan Inalhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012064","display_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 0AL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81399326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"739","last_page":"750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7147544026374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.6389538645744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.5823764801025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5433521866798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5273768901824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4435100555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3741982579231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.2645440697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23817485570907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13639456033706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.08085361123085022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7147544026374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.6389538645744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.5823764801025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5433521866798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5273768901824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4435100555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3741982579231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.2645440697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23817485570907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13639456033706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.08085361123085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/17128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/17128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G979560605","display_name":"UKRI Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Node in Security","funder_award_id":"EP/V026763/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543734046","https://openalex.org/W1594114333","https://openalex.org/W2006027811","https://openalex.org/W2036552332","https://openalex.org/W2077831477","https://openalex.org/W2166344854","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2784320632","https://openalex.org/W2896720518","https://openalex.org/W2991232381","https://openalex.org/W3005765136","https://openalex.org/W3008967682","https://openalex.org/W3106530718","https://openalex.org/W3111814107","https://openalex.org/W3119205220","https://openalex.org/W3156330606","https://openalex.org/W4244086652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317634134","https://openalex.org/W2889566344","https://openalex.org/W4381746183","https://openalex.org/W2359600231","https://openalex.org/W2380019117","https://openalex.org/W2093343611","https://openalex.org/W1987886368","https://openalex.org/W1660309994","https://openalex.org/W2369187583","https://openalex.org/W3154539612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79,101,202],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"reinforcement":[3],"learning":[4],"(RL)-based":[5],"centralized":[6],"path":[7,129,219],"planning":[8,130,220],"is":[9,61,73,93,132,140,174],"performed":[10,160],"for":[11,214,221],"an":[12],"unmanned":[13],"combat":[14],"aerial":[15],"vehicle":[16],"(UCAV)":[17],"fleet":[18],"in":[19,31,41,63,75,109,146,181],"a":[20,28,208],"human-made":[21],"hostile":[22],"environment.":[23],"The":[24],"proposed":[25,144,172],"method":[26,213],"provides":[27,207],"novel":[29,209],"approach":[30,206],"which":[32],"closing":[33],"speed":[34],"and":[35,53,90,115,120,138,151,187,198,210],"approximate":[36],"time-to-go":[37],"terms":[38,147],"are":[39,159],"used":[40,62],"the":[42,64,68,82,87,97,104,112,116,135,143,163,168,171,185,205,216],"reward":[43],"function":[44],"to":[45,95,111,161,167,176],"obtain":[46,96],"cooperative":[47,128,218],"motion":[48],"while":[49,183],"ensuring":[50],"no-fly-zones":[51],"(NFZs)":[52],"time-of-arrival":[54],"constraints.":[55],"Proximal":[56],"policy":[57],"optimization":[58,126],"(PPO)":[59],"algorithm":[60,131,145],"training":[65],"phase":[66],"of":[67,148],"RL":[69],"agent.":[70],"System":[71],"performance":[72,153],"evaluated":[74],"two":[76],"different":[77],"cases.":[78],"case":[80,102],"1,":[81],"warfare":[83,105],"environment":[84,106],"contains":[85,107],"only":[86],"target":[88,113],"area,":[89],"simultaneous":[91,196],"arrival":[92],"desired":[94],"saturated":[98,118],"attack":[99,119],"effect.":[100],"2,":[103],"NFZs":[108],"addition":[110],"area":[114],"standard":[117],"collision":[121,199],"avoidance":[122,200],"requirements.":[123,201],"Particle":[124],"swarm":[125],"(PSO)-based":[127],"implemented":[133],"as":[134,191],"baseline":[136],"method,":[137],"it":[139],"compared":[141],"with":[142],"execution":[149],"time":[150],"developed":[152],"metrics.":[154],"Monte":[155],"Carlo":[156],"simulation":[157,169],"studies":[158],"evaluate":[162],"system":[164,173],"performance.":[165],"According":[166],"results,":[170],"able":[175],"generate":[177],"feasible":[178],"flight":[179],"paths":[180],"real-time":[182],"considering":[184],"physical":[186],"operational":[188],"constraints":[189],"such":[190],"acceleration":[192],"limits,":[193],"NFZ":[194],"restrictions,":[195],"arrival,":[197],"that":[203],"respect,":[204],"computationally":[211],"efficient":[212],"solving":[215],"large-scale":[217],"UCAV":[222],"fleets.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
