{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204620932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010959","title":"Multiclass Anomaly Detection in Flight Data Using Semi-Supervised Explainable Deep Learning Model","display_name":"Multiclass Anomaly Detection in Flight Data Using Semi-Supervised Explainable Deep Learning Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204620932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010959","mag":"3204620932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001542628","display_name":"Milad Memarzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milad Memarzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003155939","display_name":"Bryan Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-314X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066618786","display_name":"Thomas Templin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-8686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Templin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001542628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88437591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"83","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8121170401573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6670510768890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6191337704658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/takeoff","display_name":"Takeoff","score":0.5541276335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5430857539176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5138087868690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5097269415855408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.4898917078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4793294668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.458353191614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.45085543394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.44683507084846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-class-classification","display_name":"One-class classification","score":0.44277510046958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avionics","display_name":"Avionics","score":0.43727362155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4269729256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4196763038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22899192571640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.20077165961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.16859731078147888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8121170401573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6670510768890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6191337704658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777717826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854248","display_name":"Takeoff","level":2,"score":0.5541276335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5430857539176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5138087868690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5097269415855408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.4898917078971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4793294668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.458353191614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45085543394088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.44683507084846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34872919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092302","display_name":"One-class classification","level":3,"score":0.44277510046958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15792166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221329","display_name":"Avionics","level":2,"score":0.43727362155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4269729256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4196763038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22899192571640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.20077165961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.16859731078147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2669946662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80ARC020D0010, NNA16BD14C","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","funder_display_name":"Ames Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1554119536","https://openalex.org/W1892149550","https://openalex.org/W2140369911","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2319759828","https://openalex.org/W3009613264","https://openalex.org/W3033045097","https://openalex.org/W3048044234","https://openalex.org/W3158152401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379975046","https://openalex.org/W2351766947","https://openalex.org/W4385984321","https://openalex.org/W2770245173","https://openalex.org/W2295155158","https://openalex.org/W3136385871","https://openalex.org/W4298707322","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W4378976585","https://openalex.org/W2794533546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,98],"identification":[1],"of":[2,44,65,124,133,157],"precursors":[3],"to":[4,25,58,70],"safety":[5,37],"incidents":[6],"in":[7,20,29,87,94,106,159],"aviation":[8],"data":[9,69,113,158],"is":[10,42,119,163],"a":[11],"crucial":[12],"task,":[13],"yet":[14],"extremely":[15],"challenging.":[16],"main":[18],"approach":[19,41,118],"practice":[21],"leverages":[22],"domain":[23],"expertise":[24],"define":[26],"expected":[27],"tolerances":[28],"system":[30],"behavior":[31],"and":[32,48,56,73,104,115,130,148],"flags":[33],"exceedances":[34],"from":[35],"such":[36],"margins.":[38],"However,":[39],"this":[40],"incapable":[43],"identifying":[45],"unknown":[46],"risks":[47],"vulnerabilities.":[49],"Various":[50],"machine-learning":[51,96],"approaches":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"investigated":[55],"deployed":[57],"identify":[59],"anomalies,":[60],"with":[61,121],"the":[62,95,128,139,160],"great":[63],"challenge":[64],"procuring":[66],"enough":[67],"labeled":[68],"achieve":[71],"reliable":[72],"accurate":[74],"performance.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"an":[79],"explainable":[80],"deep":[81],"semi-supervised":[82],"model":[83,100,137],"for":[84],"anomaly":[85,125],"detection":[86,126],"aviation,":[88],"building":[89],"upon":[90],"recent":[91],"advancements":[92],"described":[93],"literature.":[97],"proposed":[99],"combines":[101],"feature":[102,107],"engineering":[103],"classification":[105],"space,":[108],"while":[109],"leveraging":[110],"all":[111],"available":[112],"(labeled":[114],"unlabeled).":[116],"Our":[117,136],"validated":[120],"case":[122],"studies":[123],"during":[127],"takeoff":[129],"landing":[131],"phases":[132],"commercial":[134],"aircraft.":[135],"outperforms":[138],"state-of-the-art":[140],"supervised":[141],"anomaly-detection":[142],"model,":[143],"reaching":[144],"significantly":[145],"higher":[146],"accuracy":[147],"fewer":[149],"false":[150],"alarms,":[151],"even":[152],"if":[153],"only":[154],"small":[155],"proportion":[156],"training":[161],"set":[162],"labeled.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
