{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011534733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010766","title":"Single Pursuer and Two Cooperative Evaders in the Border Defense Differential Game","display_name":"Single Pursuer and Two Cooperative Evaders in the Border Defense Differential Game","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011534733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010766","mag":"3011534733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048089224","display_name":"John L. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John L. Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031256021","display_name":"Landon C. Willey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Landon C. Willey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029454978","display_name":"David W. Casbeer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-7337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Casbeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023052551","display_name":"Eloy Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-418X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eloy Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059633067","display_name":"Alexander Von Moll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-5752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Von Moll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright\u2013Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98707068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"229","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pursuer","display_name":"Pursuer","score":0.9828397035598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-game","display_name":"Differential game","score":0.6904661655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdiction","display_name":"Interdiction","score":0.6812889575958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4663253128528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4492076337337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4336598515510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.42725038528442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4174894690513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28503406047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19958117604255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.19197186827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.15089017152786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14223384857177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.1384792923927307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776927521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468489","display_name":"Pursuer","level":2,"score":0.9828397035598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779006483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1973196","display_name":"Differential game","level":2,"score":0.6904661655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124119293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046081","display_name":"Interdiction","level":2,"score":0.6812889575958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4663253128528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4492076337337494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4336598515510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.42725038528442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4174894690513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28503406047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19958117604255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19197186827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.15089017152786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14223384857177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.1384792923927307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5199436615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AFRL SFFP 2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668739223","https://openalex.org/W1848319873","https://openalex.org/W2002024784","https://openalex.org/W2018658665","https://openalex.org/W2039427135","https://openalex.org/W2050433809","https://openalex.org/W2055547505","https://openalex.org/W2056277219","https://openalex.org/W2058737528","https://openalex.org/W2078151262","https://openalex.org/W2084096135","https://openalex.org/W2090284141","https://openalex.org/W2100321776","https://openalex.org/W2130519480","https://openalex.org/W2138496931","https://openalex.org/W2183469038","https://openalex.org/W2284169745","https://openalex.org/W2299771111","https://openalex.org/W2319151087","https://openalex.org/W2417326591","https://openalex.org/W2528107617","https://openalex.org/W2531353635","https://openalex.org/W2562794869","https://openalex.org/W2623938469","https://openalex.org/W2766096873","https://openalex.org/W2781516599","https://openalex.org/W2781676688","https://openalex.org/W2791791691","https://openalex.org/W2801033466","https://openalex.org/W2806400757","https://openalex.org/W2908297311","https://openalex.org/W2908818231","https://openalex.org/W2911620209","https://openalex.org/W3121370924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003150006","https://openalex.org/W2463510585","https://openalex.org/W4319323515","https://openalex.org/W2114317113","https://openalex.org/W2013298725","https://openalex.org/W3088058598","https://openalex.org/W2810847926","https://openalex.org/W1994748888","https://openalex.org/W75113631","https://openalex.org/W4287714708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2],"border":[3,56,131,163],"defense,":[4],"surveillance,":[5],"and":[6,24,27,41,107,129,134,136,189,197],"interdiction":[7],"has":[8],"recently":[9],"increased":[10],"for":[11,104,144,193],"a":[12,50,55,72,90,122,126,140,145],"variety":[13],"of":[14,19,132,142,149,153,173,185],"reasons":[15],"related":[16],"to":[17,39,53,64,160],"issues":[18],"illegal":[20],"immigration,":[21],"terrorism,":[22],"drug":[23],"human":[25,85],"trafficking,":[26],"other":[28],"potential":[29],"threats.":[30],"Unmanned":[31],"aerial":[32],"vehicles":[33],"(UAVs)":[34],"offer":[35],"an":[36],"attractive":[37],"alternative":[38],"supporting":[40],"defending":[42],"various":[43],"threats":[44],"at":[45,168],"borders.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"applies":[49],"differential":[51],"game":[52,118,146,155,184],"define":[54],"defense":[57],"scenario":[58],"where":[59,179],"one":[60],"UAV":[61],"(pursuer)":[62],"seeks":[63],"capture":[65,172],"two":[66],"intruders":[67],"(evaders)":[68],"before":[69,171],"they":[70,88],"reach":[71],"designated":[73],"border.":[74],"The":[75,117,151],"evaders":[76,108,167,196],"can":[77],"be":[78],"UAVs,":[79],"marine":[80],"or":[81,84],"ground":[82],"vehicles,":[83],"agents,":[86],"but":[87],"have":[89],"lower":[91],"maximum":[92],"speed":[93],"than":[94],"the":[95,98,105,154,157,161,166,177,180,183,190,195],"pursuer":[96,106,181,198],"throughout":[97],"game.":[99],"Simple":[100],"motion":[101],"is":[102,119,156,187,199],"assumed":[103],"with":[109,125,139],"complete":[110],"state":[111],"information":[112],"shared":[113],"across":[114],"all":[115],"agents.":[116],"played":[120],"within":[121],"rectangular":[123],"area":[124],"parallel":[127],"top":[128],"bottom":[130,162],"length":[133,141],"left":[135],"right":[137],"borders":[138],",":[143],"aspect":[147],"ratio":[148],".":[150],"value":[152],"minimum":[158],"distance":[159],"achieved":[164],"by":[165],"any":[169],"time":[170],"both":[174,194],"evaders.":[175],"Within":[176],"region":[178],"wins,":[182],"degree":[186],"explored":[188],"optimal":[191],"policy":[192],"derived":[200],"using":[201],"geometric":[202],"properties.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
