{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2297694662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010280","title":"Unmanned Aircraft System Navigation in the Urban Environment: A Systems Analysis","display_name":"Unmanned Aircraft System Navigation in the Urban Environment: A Systems Analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2297694662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010280","mag":"2297694662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140665/1/1.I010280.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064090902","display_name":"Justin R. Rufa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin R. Rufa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000130413","display_name":"Ella Atkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ella M. Atkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":54.1252,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99502343,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"143","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.5371108651161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5189361572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-navigation","display_name":"Air navigation","score":0.4528367221355438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.41952741146087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3601379990577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35495826601982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32939445972442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32788240909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.32757776975631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2910086214542389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.5371108651161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5189361572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504623915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427822","display_name":"Air navigation","level":3,"score":0.4528367221355438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.41952741146087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3601379990577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35495826601982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32939445972442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32788240909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.32757776975631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2910086214542389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.i010280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i010280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240151","display_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","issn_l":"2327-3097","issn":["2327-3097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aerospace Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/140665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140665","pdf_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140665/1/1.I010280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/140665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140665","pdf_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140665/1/1.I010280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051fftw81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337633","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0055d0g64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2297694662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2297694662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179122090","https://openalex.org/W224240778","https://openalex.org/W378835763","https://openalex.org/W1513008779","https://openalex.org/W1513145215","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1633664367","https://openalex.org/W1779930666","https://openalex.org/W1910620975","https://openalex.org/W1974245461","https://openalex.org/W1975454884","https://openalex.org/W1978154094","https://openalex.org/W1984375769","https://openalex.org/W1988930192","https://openalex.org/W1990539524","https://openalex.org/W2029444583","https://openalex.org/W2038678236","https://openalex.org/W2044548177","https://openalex.org/W2046659441","https://openalex.org/W2055206265","https://openalex.org/W2060794637","https://openalex.org/W2065066477","https://openalex.org/W2067695855","https://openalex.org/W2072033671","https://openalex.org/W2077571320","https://openalex.org/W2078427796","https://openalex.org/W2085047125","https://openalex.org/W2085080157","https://openalex.org/W2089619860","https://openalex.org/W2092195145","https://openalex.org/W2097076631","https://openalex.org/W2098613108","https://openalex.org/W2101345862","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2108481495","https://openalex.org/W2113765804","https://openalex.org/W2114547915","https://openalex.org/W2119669635","https://openalex.org/W2122858524","https://openalex.org/W2123367508","https://openalex.org/W2123656427","https://openalex.org/W2132224724","https://openalex.org/W2134714244","https://openalex.org/W2134837751","https://openalex.org/W2135661092","https://openalex.org/W2139362983","https://openalex.org/W2143802618","https://openalex.org/W2144789976","https://openalex.org/W2147253850","https://openalex.org/W2150364900","https://openalex.org/W2150458387","https://openalex.org/W2151673995","https://openalex.org/W2152946322","https://openalex.org/W2153027864","https://openalex.org/W2157098139","https://openalex.org/W2162760910","https://openalex.org/W2163743078","https://openalex.org/W2171846155","https://openalex.org/W2174747788","https://openalex.org/W2296013757","https://openalex.org/W2317618686","https://openalex.org/W2323358135","https://openalex.org/W2594820424","https://openalex.org/W2598188679","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2762247178","https://openalex.org/W2894420482","https://openalex.org/W3156330606","https://openalex.org/W4242423212","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107849093","https://openalex.org/W2470590403","https://openalex.org/W2417137617","https://openalex.org/W1645316321","https://openalex.org/W2569538799","https://openalex.org/W2596067437","https://openalex.org/W2092659619","https://openalex.org/W2529610467","https://openalex.org/W2085758797","https://openalex.org/W2139179187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aircraft":[1],"system":[2],"navigation":[3,19,159],"in":[4,21,33,39,153],"urban":[5,40,148],"environments":[6],"requires":[7],"consideration":[8],"of":[9,12,99,109,117],"which":[10],"combination":[11],"sensors":[13,45,59,110],"can":[14],"provide":[15,47,61],"the":[16,69,147],"most":[17],"accurate":[18],"results":[20],"a":[22,97],"dynamically":[23],"changing":[24],"environment.":[25],"The":[26],"traditional":[27],"Global":[28,156],"Positioning":[29,157],"System,":[30],"although":[31],"useful":[32],"open":[34],"spaces,":[35],"degrades":[36],"severely":[37],"when":[38,52],"canyons":[41],"requiring":[42],"other":[43],"complementary":[44],"to":[46,111],"position":[48,130,135],"and":[49,80,94,120],"velocity":[50],"measurements":[51,62],"necessary.":[53],"One":[54],"well-known":[55],"solution":[56],"is":[57,68,74,140],"vision-based":[58],"that":[60,73,125,144],"through":[63],"optical":[64],"flow.":[65],"Another":[66],"possibility":[67],"long-term":[70,126],"evolution":[71,127],"network":[72],"currently":[75],"used":[76],"for":[77,113],"cellular":[78],"voice":[79],"data":[81],"transmission":[82],"as":[83,85,96,138,155],"well,":[84],"coarse":[86],"Global-Positioning-System-independent":[87],"navigation.":[88],"This":[89],"paper":[90],"reviews":[91],"sensor":[92,118,136],"accuracy":[93,131,154],"availability":[95],"function":[98],"environment":[100,149],"characteristics.":[101],"A":[102],"simulation":[103],"framework":[104],"integrates":[105],"these":[106,163],"different":[107],"types":[108],"allow":[112],"efficient":[114],"high-level":[115],"testing":[116],"combinations":[119],"fusion":[121],"algorithms.":[122],"Results":[123],"show":[124,151],"slightly":[128],"improves":[129],"unless":[132],"another":[133],"exteroceptive":[134],"such":[137],"vision":[139],"available.":[141],"Sinusoidal":[142],"trajectories":[143],"rise":[145],"above":[146],"also":[150],"increases":[152],"System":[158],"becomes":[160],"available":[161],"during":[162],"short":[164],"windows.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}