{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988021061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001840","title":"Predicting Number of Zombies in DDoS Attacks Using Pace Regression Model","display_name":"Predicting Number of Zombies in DDoS Attacks Using Pace Regression Model","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988021061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001840","mag":"1988021061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001840","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1840/1523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1840/1523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071261948","display_name":"Brij B. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["CA","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. B. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Brunswick, Canada and\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India","University of New Brunswick, Canada and#R##N#Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Brunswick, Canada and\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008","https://openalex.org/I106938459"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Brunswick, Canada and#R##N#Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459","https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071261948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459","https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"apc_paid":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10671591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7862943410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7193663120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5963690876960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.5209797024726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.46265488862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3676621913909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3436374366283417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2892777919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18965297937393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17530259490013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09485748410224915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7862943410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7193663120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5963690876960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5209797024726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.46265488862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3676621913909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3436374366283417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2892777919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18965297937393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17530259490013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09485748410224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001840","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1840/1523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:84064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hrcak.srce.hr/84064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400071","display_name":"University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","host_organization_name":"University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computing and information technology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001840","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1840/1523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337407","display_name":"Division of Human Resource Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03mamvh39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1988021061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1988021061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489537150","https://openalex.org/W1517911166","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2064785966","https://openalex.org/W2065462850","https://openalex.org/W2081357650","https://openalex.org/W2403246423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2039821316","https://openalex.org/W2388081684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Normal":[0],"0":[1],"false":[2,3,4],"A":[5,62],"DDoS":[6,131],"attacker":[7],"attempts":[8],"to":[9,34,53,92,103,147],"disrupt":[10],"a":[11,23],"target,":[12],"by":[13],"flooding":[14],"it":[15,33],"with":[16,133,157],"illegitimate":[17],"packets":[18],"which":[19],"are":[20,90,108,141,145],"generated":[21,109],"from":[22,38],"large":[24],"number":[25,55,67,135,149],"of":[26,47,56,68,96,113,136,150],"zombies,":[27],"usurping":[28],"its":[29],"bandwidth":[30],"and":[31,70],"overtaxing":[32],"prevent":[35],"legitimate":[36],"inquiries":[37],"getting":[39],"through.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"reports":[43],"the":[44,94,97],"evaluation":[45],"results":[46,140],"proposed":[48],"approach":[49],"that":[50],"is":[51,64,123],"used":[52,91,105,124],"predict":[54,148],"zombies":[57,69,151],"using":[58,110,153],"Pace":[59,154],"Regression":[60,155],"Model.":[61],"relationship":[63],"established":[65],"between":[66],"observed":[71],"deviation":[72],"in":[73],"sample":[74],"entropy.":[75],"Various":[76],"statistical":[77],"performance":[78,95],"measures,":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81,125,143],"R2,":[82],"CC,":[83],"SSE,":[84],"MSE,":[85],"RMSE,":[86],"NMSE,":[87],"\u03b7,":[88],"MAE":[89],"measure":[93],"regression":[98],"model.":[99],"Network":[100],"topologies":[101],"similar":[102],"Internet":[104],"for":[106,129],"simulation":[107,126,139],"Transit-Stub":[111],"model":[112],"GT-ITM":[114],"topology":[115],"generator.":[116],"NS-2":[117],"network":[118],"simulator":[119],"on":[120],"Linux":[121],"platform":[122],"test":[127],"bed":[128],"launching":[130],"attacks":[132],"varied":[134],"zombies.":[137],"The":[138],"promising":[142],"we":[144],"able":[146],"efficiently":[152],"Model":[156],"considerably":[158],"less":[159],"error":[160],"rate.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
