{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2503861678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001811","title":"System Evolution at the Attribute Level: an Empirical Study of Three Java OSS and their Refactorings","display_name":"System Evolution at the Attribute Level: an Empirical Study of Three Java OSS and their Refactorings","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2503861678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001811","mag":"2503861678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001811","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1811/1438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1811/1438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083706258","display_name":"Steve Counsell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-8919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steve Counsell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Computing, Brunel University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Computing, Brunel University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113469219","display_name":"E. Nasseri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emal Nasseri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of information Systems, Computing and Mathematics, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information Systems, Computing and Mathematics, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083706258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"apc_list":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"apc_paid":{"value":450,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":485},"fwci":1.4283,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89968121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"167","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9445000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9742677211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7925283908843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inheritance","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","score":0.7736561894416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.7569587826728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6909125447273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5378612279891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4264053404331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3182868957519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2361954152584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11642983555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10761159658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08341732621192932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9742677211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7925283908843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6033780","display_name":"Inheritance (genetic algorithm)","level":3,"score":0.7736561894416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.7569587826728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6909125447273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5378612279891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4264053404331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3182868957519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2361954152584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11642983555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10761159658432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08341732621192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001811","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1811/1438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.845.6061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.845.6061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1811/1438/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:59524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hrcak.srce.hr/59524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400071","display_name":"University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","host_organization_name":"University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computing and information technology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2498/cit.1001811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2498/cit.1001811","pdf_url":"http://cit.fer.hr/index.php/CIT/article/download/1811/1438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98565333","display_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","issn_l":"1330-1136","issn":["1330-1136","1846-3908"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314807","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314807"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2503861678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2503861678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985236007","https://openalex.org/W2095748074","https://openalex.org/W2138511090","https://openalex.org/W2141493616","https://openalex.org/W2148711489","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2158815503","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W4231410103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313549863","https://openalex.org/W4231266416","https://openalex.org/W2395465245","https://openalex.org/W2072205733","https://openalex.org/W3176957927","https://openalex.org/W4296534969","https://openalex.org/W3194667890","https://openalex.org/W4312761314","https://openalex.org/W2476494490","https://openalex.org/W1971779070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,102,125],"focus":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6,48,61,72,82,121],"net":[7,17],"changes":[8,86],"in":[9],"attributes":[10,52,78,93,107],"across":[11],"versions":[12],"of":[13,38,50,60,92,106,128],"OSS":[14],"and":[15,23,58,77,87,120],"use":[16],"class":[18,98],"change":[19],"data":[20,29],"(class":[21],"additions":[22,99],"deletions)":[24],"as":[25,27,44,79,81],"well":[26,80],"refactoring":[28,122],"from":[30],"a":[31,129],"previous":[32],"study":[33],"to":[34],"inform":[35],"our":[36],"understanding":[37],"how":[39],"those":[40,85],"three":[41],"systems":[42],"evolved":[43],"they":[45],"did.":[46],"While":[47],"majority":[49],"new":[51],"were":[53,65],"added":[54,109],"at":[55],"levels":[56,135],"1":[57],"2":[59],"inheritance,":[62],"these":[63],"patterns":[64,95],"not":[66],"consistent.":[67],"The":[68],"research":[69],"question":[70],"addresses":[71],"evolutionary":[73],"relationship":[74],"between":[75,84,117],"classes":[76],"connection":[83],"refactorings.":[88],"Although":[89],"some":[90],"evidence":[91],"following":[94],"conformant":[96],"with":[97,132],"was":[100,114],"found,":[101],"also":[103,115],"identified":[104],"occurrences":[105],"being":[108],"unilaterally.":[110],"A":[111],"strong":[112],"correspondence":[113],"found":[116],"attribute":[118],"addition":[119],"data.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"explore":[126],"features":[127],"fourth":[130],"system":[131],"seven":[133],"inheritance":[134],"for":[136],"similar":[137],"characteristics.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}