{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385437675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","title":"Concerning Measures in a First-order Logic with Actions and Meta-beliefs","display_name":"Concerning Measures in a First-order Logic with Actions and Meta-beliefs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385437675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2023/44","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2023/44/kr2023-0044-liu-et-al.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2023/44/kr2023-0044-liu-et-al.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071267805","display_name":"Daxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University","The University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043075136","display_name":"Qihui Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002932153","display_name":"Vaishak Belle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaishak Belle","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005730180","display_name":"Gerhard Lakemeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-7593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Lakemeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"451","last_page":"460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"Unification","score":0.7088919878005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6236788630485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal-logic","display_name":"Modal logic","score":0.6077272891998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-logic","display_name":"Multimodal logic","score":0.5802930593490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-modal-logic","display_name":"Normal modal logic","score":0.5650205612182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-logic","display_name":"Dynamic logic (digital electronics)","score":0.5160486102104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-calculus","display_name":"Situation calculus","score":0.5112180709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic-network","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","score":0.5005714893341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49686792492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-argumentation","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","score":0.4647822380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modal-logic","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","score":0.4538532495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-logic","display_name":"Subjective logic","score":0.43275386095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-relation","display_name":"Accessibility relation","score":0.4225555956363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.4168875217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4005558490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.38445189595222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3351149559020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoepistemic-logic","display_name":"Autoepistemic logic","score":0.2859511077404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.17947086691856384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.7088919878005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6236788630485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27508121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210841","display_name":"Modal logic","level":3,"score":0.6077272891998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203659156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934805","display_name":"Multimodal logic","level":3,"score":0.5802930593490601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114092440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840226","display_name":"Normal modal logic","level":4,"score":0.5650205612182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777796570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351326","display_name":"Dynamic logic (digital electronics)","level":4,"score":0.5160486102104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22497172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559077","display_name":"Situation calculus","level":2,"score":0.5112180709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18998212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246856","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","level":5,"score":0.5005714893341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49686792492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128828806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246848","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","level":3,"score":0.4647822380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107247716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347436","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","level":4,"score":0.4538532495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113839178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631418","display_name":"Subjective logic","level":3,"score":0.43275386095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11191006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663311","display_name":"Accessibility relation","level":4,"score":0.4225555956363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.4168875217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4005558490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.38445189595222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3351149559020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3845977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826262","display_name":"Autoepistemic logic","level":4,"score":0.2859511077404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.17947086691856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2023/44","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2023/44/kr2023-0044-liu-et-al.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:999883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/999883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning : Rhodes, Greece. September 2-8, 2023 / Edited by Pierre Marquis, Tran Cao Son, Gabriele Kern-Isberner<br/>20. International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, KR 2023, Rhodes, Greece, 2023-09-02 - 2023-09-08","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/eaac0e1f-49f8-40ab-9080-02225794bb9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/eaac0e1f-49f8-40ab-9080-02225794bb9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, D, Feng, Q, Belle, V & Lakemeyer, G 2023, Concerning Measures in a First-order Logic with Actions and Meta-beliefs. in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. pp. 451-460, 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning , Rhodes, Greece, 2/09/23. https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/eaac0e1f-49f8-40ab-9080-02225794bb9d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2023/44/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/eaac0e1f-49f8-40ab-9080-02225794bb9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/eaac0e1f-49f8-40ab-9080-02225794bb9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, D, Feng, Q, Belle, V & Lakemeyer, G 2023, Concerning Measures in a First-order Logic with Actions and Meta-beliefs. in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. pp. 451-460, 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning , Rhodes, Greece, 2/09/23. https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2023/44","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/44","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2023/44/kr2023-0044-liu-et-al.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385437675.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58736221","https://openalex.org/W648134895","https://openalex.org/W1575388622","https://openalex.org/W1824971879","https://openalex.org/W1965552673","https://openalex.org/W1978654873","https://openalex.org/W2023741620","https://openalex.org/W2025270539","https://openalex.org/W2029155739","https://openalex.org/W2038809129","https://openalex.org/W2062285040","https://openalex.org/W2083716186","https://openalex.org/W2126160338","https://openalex.org/W2140209760","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2270172784","https://openalex.org/W2292328972","https://openalex.org/W2482622903","https://openalex.org/W2569901565","https://openalex.org/W2740289278","https://openalex.org/W2810243590","https://openalex.org/W3003472872","https://openalex.org/W3188861997","https://openalex.org/W4225095663","https://openalex.org/W4239453361","https://openalex.org/W4252192444","https://openalex.org/W4300421700","https://openalex.org/W4377237798","https://openalex.org/W6600974454","https://openalex.org/W6601423307","https://openalex.org/W6602390158","https://openalex.org/W6628627411","https://openalex.org/W6637232493","https://openalex.org/W6645087874","https://openalex.org/W6671344133","https://openalex.org/W6703496001","https://openalex.org/W6703659369","https://openalex.org/W6759014138","https://openalex.org/W6773209578","https://openalex.org/W6803082567","https://openalex.org/W6903204427","https://openalex.org/W7075608178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502459819","https://openalex.org/W2371210594","https://openalex.org/W2385259353","https://openalex.org/W3214184572","https://openalex.org/W1588508235","https://openalex.org/W1993258861","https://openalex.org/W2742730910","https://openalex.org/W2163318132","https://openalex.org/W2377578335","https://openalex.org/W2586895808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"unification":[1],"of":[2,29,46,52,87,91],"logic":[3,28,38],"and":[4,15,31,43],"probability":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"seen":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,23,59],"long-standing":[11],"concern":[12],"in":[13,33,58],"philosophy":[14],"mathematical":[16],"logic.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"we":[21],"propose":[22],"new":[24],"general":[25],"probabilistic":[26],"modal":[27],"belief":[30,53,88],"only-believing":[32],"the":[34,65,92,96],"situation":[35],"calculus.":[36],"Our":[37],"can":[39],"express":[40],"both":[41],"continuous":[42],"discrete":[44],"degrees":[45,51],"belief.":[47],"More":[48],"importantly,":[49],"expressing":[50],"for":[54,64],"arbitrary":[55],"first-order":[56],"formulas":[57],"dynamic":[60],"setting":[61],"is":[62],"possible":[63],"first":[66],"time,":[67],"going":[68],"well":[69],"beyond":[70],"previous":[71,97],"proposals":[72],"where":[73],"fluents":[74],"are":[75],"assumed":[76],"to":[77],"be":[78],"nullary":[79],"or":[80],"discrete.":[81],"We":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84],"our":[85],"notion":[86],"retains":[89],"many":[90],"properties":[93],"known":[94],"from":[95],"related":[98],"work.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
