{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080688697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/42","title":"Entity Type Recognition \u2013 Dealing with the Diversity of Knowledge","display_name":"Entity Type Recognition \u2013 Dealing with the Diversity of Knowledge","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080688697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/42","mag":"3080688697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2020/42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/42","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2020/42/kr2020-0042-giunchiglia-et-al.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001227032","display_name":"Fausto Giunchiglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5903-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fausto Giunchiglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI - University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI - University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012435036","display_name":"Mattia Fumagalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Fumagalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI - University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI - University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001227032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86491186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"414","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7435985803604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7198889255523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.5336917638778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5242100954055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossibility","display_name":"Impossibility","score":0.4746939539909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4702913761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.463725745677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-heterogeneity","display_name":"Semantic heterogeneity","score":0.4514521360397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44886505603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.43736323714256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37237435579299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3573281168937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.24588873982429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.19503995776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13337838649749756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7435985803604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7198889255523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5336917638778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5242100954055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315562","display_name":"Impossibility","level":2,"score":0.4746939539909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4702913761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.463725745677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778180026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378163","display_name":"Semantic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.4514521360397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44886505603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.43736323714256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37237435579299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3573281168937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.24588873982429504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.19503995776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13337838649749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/kr.2020/42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/42","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/277407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2020/42/","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2020/42/kr2020-0042-giunchiglia-et-al.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/277407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/277407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/277407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2020/42/","pdf_url":"https://proceedings.kr.org/2020/42/kr2020-0042-giunchiglia-et-al.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7474279210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"823783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080688697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080688697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46659105","https://openalex.org/W104552425","https://openalex.org/W1500738304","https://openalex.org/W1503729935","https://openalex.org/W1540874816","https://openalex.org/W1555476679","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1878684993","https://openalex.org/W2000255081","https://openalex.org/W2004551626","https://openalex.org/W2013093146","https://openalex.org/W2057858426","https://openalex.org/W2097395913","https://openalex.org/W2097453080","https://openalex.org/W2133533044","https://openalex.org/W2140628772","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2161098784","https://openalex.org/W2319216046","https://openalex.org/W2535877628","https://openalex.org/W2576696055","https://openalex.org/W2603920283","https://openalex.org/W2615982244","https://openalex.org/W2740960106","https://openalex.org/W2759136286","https://openalex.org/W2765861035","https://openalex.org/W2907743918","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2914271914","https://openalex.org/W2918428907","https://openalex.org/W2933602294","https://openalex.org/W2949522309","https://openalex.org/W2966502681","https://openalex.org/W2971319014","https://openalex.org/W3003248025","https://openalex.org/W3035258717","https://openalex.org/W6604265433","https://openalex.org/W6604317486","https://openalex.org/W6625122095","https://openalex.org/W6629746887","https://openalex.org/W6633128611","https://openalex.org/W6651521918","https://openalex.org/W6674962612","https://openalex.org/W6679601113","https://openalex.org/W6732269470","https://openalex.org/W6758655672","https://openalex.org/W6762344974","https://openalex.org/W7064920804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384156839","https://openalex.org/W4321602641","https://openalex.org/W2394251275","https://openalex.org/W4241392912","https://openalex.org/W2489497330","https://openalex.org/W2596801716","https://openalex.org/W4387391601","https://openalex.org/W2141614742","https://openalex.org/W2369846953","https://openalex.org/W2362926696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"Heterogeneity":[1],"is":[2,97],"the":[3,16,26,37,40,51,64,75,80,83,87,93,112,116,137,146,176,186,190,204,207],"problem":[4,138],"that":[5,44],"arises":[6],"when":[7,33],"multiple":[8],"resources":[9],"present":[10],"differences":[11],"in":[12,120,157],"how":[13],"they":[14,45],"represent":[15],"same":[17,41],"real-world":[18],"phenomenon.":[19],"In":[20,59,90],"KR,":[21],"an":[22,169],"early":[23],"approach":[24],"was":[25],"development":[27],"of":[28,66,74,79,82,86,95,128,136,139,159,162,194,197,206],"ontologies":[29,34,96],"and,":[30],"later":[31],"on,":[32],"showed":[35],"at":[36,50,145],"knowledge":[38,147],"level":[39],"semantic":[42,68,140],"heterogeneity":[43,94],"were":[46],"meant":[47],"to":[48,54,104,114,184],"fix":[49],"data":[52],"level,":[53,148],"compute":[55],"mappings":[56],"among":[57],"them.":[58],"this":[60,70,91,129],"paper":[61,130],"we":[62],"acknowledge":[63],"impossibility":[65],"avoiding":[67],"heterogeneity,":[69,141],"being":[71],"a":[72,98,102,133,160,195],"consequence":[73],"more":[76],"general":[77],"phenomenon":[78],"diversity":[81,163],"world":[84,88],"and":[85,154,164,167,181,192],"descriptions.":[89],"perspective,":[92],"feature":[99],"(and":[100],"not":[101],"bug":[103],"be":[105],"fixed":[106],"by":[107],"aligning":[108],"them)":[109],"which":[110,174],"gives":[111],"possibility":[113],"use":[115],"most":[117,178],"suitable":[118],"ontology":[119,180],"any":[121],"given":[122],"application":[123],"context.":[124],"The":[125,200],"main":[126],"contributions":[127],"are:":[131],"(i)":[132],"novel":[134],"articulation":[135],"as":[142,149],"it":[143,183],"appears":[144],"contextuality,":[150],"(ii)":[151],"its":[152],"qualitative":[153],"quantitative":[155],"formalization":[156],"terms":[158],"set":[161,196],"unity":[165],"metrics":[166],"(iii)":[168],"Entity":[170],"Type":[171],"Recognition":[172],"algorithm":[173],"selects":[175],"contextually":[177],"appropriate":[179],"exploits":[182],"solve":[185],"current":[187],"problem,":[188],"e.g.,":[189],"alignment":[191],"integration":[193],"input":[198],"schemas.":[199],"experimental":[201],"results":[202],"show":[203],"validity":[205],"approach.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
