{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414360698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/60","title":"MVP-CBM: Multi-layer Visual Preference-enhanced Concept Bottleneck Model for Explainable Medical Image Classification","display_name":"MVP-CBM: Multi-layer Visual Preference-enhanced Concept Bottleneck Model for Explainable Medical Image Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414360698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/60"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/60","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039704650","display_name":"Chun\u2010Jiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-6889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunjiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343725","display_name":"Yin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022201710","display_name":"Yandong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yandong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101722777","display_name":"Zhiyang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-4062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Business Department, iFlytek Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Business Department, iFlytek Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110078725","display_name":"Xiaodong Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Business Department, iFlytek Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Business Department, iFlytek Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016268764","display_name":"S. Kevin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-8104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125878","display_name":"Suzhou Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ebk0c60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162009","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05sm6p196","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153682","display_name":"Intelligent Health (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0576zak10","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kevin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Digital Twin Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, USTC","Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Digital Twin Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162009"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039704650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I308837","https://openalex.org/I4210125878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26809502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"529","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7965999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-bottleneck-method","display_name":"Information bottleneck method","score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.3610999882221222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7965999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60008888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031013","display_name":"Information bottleneck method","level":3,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/60","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1,49,118,138,145,157],"bottleneck":[2],"model":[3,93,175],"(CBM),":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,73,79,101,168],"technique":[7],"improving":[8],"interpretability":[9],"via":[10],"linking":[11],"predictions":[12],"to":[13,37,150,166],"human-understandable":[14],"concepts,":[15,91],"makes":[16],"high-risk":[17],"and":[18,82,90,135,171,191],"life-critical":[19],"medical":[20,182],"image":[21],"classification":[22,183],"credible.":[23],"Typically,":[24],"existing":[25],"CBM":[26],"methods":[27],"associate":[28],"the":[29,39,46,54,60,69,85,123],"final":[30,70],"layer":[31],"of":[32,48,126,174],"visual":[33,133,164],"encoders":[34],"with":[35,59,129],"concepts":[36,55,128],"explain":[38],"model\u2019s":[40],"predictions.":[41],"However,":[42],"we":[43,99],"empirically":[44],"discover":[45],"phenomenon":[47],"preference":[50,80,119],"variation,":[51],"that":[52,186],"is,":[53],"are":[56],"preferably":[57],"associated":[58],"features":[61,89,130],"at":[62,68,131,199],"different":[63,127],"layers":[64,149],"than":[65],"those":[66],"only":[67],"layer;":[71],"yet":[72],"blind":[74],"last-layer-based":[75],"association":[76,125],"neglects":[77],"such":[78],"variation":[81],"thus":[83],"weakens":[84],"accurate":[86,172],"correspondences":[87],"between":[88],"impairing":[92],"interpretability.":[94],"To":[95],"address":[96],"this":[97],"issue,":[98],"propose":[100],"novel":[102,114],"Multi-layer":[103],"Visual":[104],"Preference-enhanced":[105],"Concept":[106],"Bottleneck":[107],"Model":[108],"(MVP-CBM),":[109],"which":[110,121,142],"comprises":[111],"two":[112],"key":[113],"modules:":[115],"(1)":[116],"intra-layer":[117],"modeling,":[120],"captures":[122],"preferred":[124],"various":[132],"layers,":[134],"(2)":[136],"multi-layer":[137,163],"sparse":[139],"activation":[140],"fusion,":[141],"sparsely":[143],"aggregates":[144],"activations":[146],"from":[147],"multiple":[148],"enhance":[151],"performance.":[152],"Thus,":[153],"by":[154],"explicitly":[155],"modeling":[156],"preferences,":[158],"MVP-CBM":[159,187],"can":[160],"comprehensively":[161],"leverage":[162],"information":[165],"provide":[167],"more":[169],"nuanced":[170],"explanation":[173],"decisions.":[176],"Extensive":[177],"experiments":[178],"on":[179],"several":[180],"public":[181],"benchmarks":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"achieves":[188],"state-of-the-art":[189],"accuracy":[190],"interoperability,":[192],"verifying":[193],"its":[194],"superiority.":[195],"Code":[196],"is":[197],"available":[198],"https://github.com/wcj6/MVP-CBM.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
