{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414359822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/416","title":"Smart Contracts for Trustless Sampling of Correlated Equilibria","display_name":"Smart Contracts for Trustless Sampling of Correlated Equilibria","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414359822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051788730","display_name":"Togzhan Barakbayeva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Togzhan Barakbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620746","display_name":"Zhuo Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-6888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005241421","display_name":"Amir Kafshdar Goharshady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Goharshady","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119679391","display_name":"Karaneh Keypoor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"California Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karaneh Keypoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27356798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3744","last_page":"3752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy","display_name":"Strategy","score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-form-game","display_name":"Normal-form game","score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-game","display_name":"Bayesian game","score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism-design","display_name":"Mechanism design","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.46380001306533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88959737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546627","display_name":"Strategy","level":3,"score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155930848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069099","display_name":"Normal-form game","level":4,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200594392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812529","display_name":"Bayesian game","level":4,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123650614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282491","display_name":"Strategic dominance","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201364048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897085","display_name":"Sequential equilibrium","level":5,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163630976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964667","display_name":"Correlated equilibrium","level":5,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32407928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733833","display_name":"Best response","level":3,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167573328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439054","display_name":"Screening game","level":4,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164407509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384490","display_name":"Equilibrium selection","level":4,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11343654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780008","display_name":"Solution concept","level":3,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47175762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13422573","display_name":"Non-cooperative game","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22349654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039354","display_name":"Risk dominance","level":5,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146930158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656416","display_name":"Extensive-form game","level":4,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95940807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12237274","display_name":"Simultaneous game","level":4,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62658633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086723","display_name":"Signaling game","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72273685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1673101","display_name":"Public goods game","level":3,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-168591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-168591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Correlated":[0,92],"equilibria":[1,93],"are":[2,94,209],"a":[3,15,27,31,42,86,119,135,201,218],"standard":[4],"solution":[5],"concept":[6],"in":[7,19,47,98,102,129,225,233],"game":[8,18,130],"theory":[9,131],"and":[10,73,84,96,121,138,179,189,211,230],"generalize":[11],"Nash":[12],"equilibria.":[13],"In":[14,172],"2-player":[16],"non-cooperative":[17],"which":[20,108],"player":[21,57,75],"i":[22,58,76],"has":[23],"action":[24],"set":[25],"A_i,":[26],"correlated":[28,115,219],"equilibrium":[29,116],"is":[30,51,154],"self-enforcing":[32],"probability":[33],"distribution":[34],"\u03c3":[35],"over":[36],"A_1":[37,48],"*":[38,49],"A_2.":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"when":[41],"strategy":[43,87,136],"profile":[44,137],"(s_1,":[45],"s_2)":[46],"A_2":[50],"sampled":[52],"according":[53],"to":[54,110,133,143,159,195],"\u03c3,":[55,74],"each":[56,140],"can":[59],"observe":[60],"their":[61,79],"own":[62],"component":[63,142,150],"s_i,":[64],"but":[65],"not":[66],"the":[67,103,126,147,163,190,197,213],"other":[68,148,191],"player's":[69,141,149],"component.":[70],"Knowing":[71],"s_i":[72],"cannot":[77],"increase":[78],"expected":[80],"payoff":[81],"by":[82],"defecting":[83],"playing":[85],"s'_i":[88],"different":[89],"from":[90],"s_i.":[91],"ubiquitous":[95],"crucial":[97],"mechanism":[99],"design,":[100],"including":[101],"design":[104],"of":[105,217,227],"blockchain-based":[106],"protocols":[107],"aim":[109],"incentivize":[111],"honest":[112],"behavior.":[113],"A":[114],"depends":[117],"on":[118,162,169,186,193],"centralized":[120],"impartial":[122],"oracle,":[123],"often":[124],"called":[125],"''external":[127],"signal''":[128],"literature,":[132],"sample":[134],"disclose":[139],"them,":[144],"while":[145,221],"keeping":[146],"secret.":[151],"However,":[152],"there":[153],"currently":[155],"no":[156],"trustless":[157],"method":[158],"achieve":[160],"this":[161,173,177],"blockchain":[164],"without":[165],"centralization":[166],"or":[167],"relying":[168],"trusted":[170],"third-parties.":[171],"work,":[174],"we":[175],"address":[176],"challenge":[178],"provide":[180,212],"two":[181],"novel":[182],"protocols,":[183],"one":[184],"based":[185,192],"oblivious":[187],"transfer":[188],"zkSNARKs":[194],"replace":[196],"public":[198],"signal":[199],"with":[200],"smart":[202],"contract.":[203],"We":[204],"prove":[205],"that":[206],"our":[207],"approaches":[208],"secure":[210],"desired":[214],"privacy":[215],"properties":[216],"equilibrium,":[220],"also":[222],"being":[223],"efficient":[224],"terms":[226],"gas":[228],"usage":[229],"thus":[231],"affordable":[232],"practice.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}