{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414360532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/34","title":"CoderAgent: Simulating Student Behavior for Personalized Programming Learning with Large Language Models","display_name":"CoderAgent: Simulating Student Behavior for Personalized Programming Learning with Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414360532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/34"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/34","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/34","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015867775","display_name":"Yi Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7018-1101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453156","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-5550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105595","display_name":"Institute of Art","ror":"https://ror.org/017fyx225","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105595","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137491","display_name":"National Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491"]}],"countries":["CN","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491","https://openalex.org/I4210105595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103148987","display_name":"Weibo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459168","display_name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-6998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102738457","display_name":"Tianfu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianfu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033590751","display_name":"Shuanghong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-9352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105595","display_name":"Institute of Art","ror":"https://ror.org/017fyx225","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105595","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137491","display_name":"National Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanghong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491","https://openalex.org/I4210105595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031751659","display_name":"Junyu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0574-9519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105595","display_name":"Institute of Art","ror":"https://ror.org/017fyx225","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105595","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137491","display_name":"National Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491","https://openalex.org/I4210105595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085496384","display_name":"Zhenya Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097554","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00vpwhm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210097554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105595","display_name":"Institute of Art","ror":"https://ror.org/017fyx225","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105595","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137491","display_name":"National Science Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491"]}],"countries":["CN","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenya Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137491","https://openalex.org/I4210105595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097554","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9631999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-architecture","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-domain","display_name":"Programming domain","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-programming","display_name":"Reactive programming","score":0.39980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8014000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.6244999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150762246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354073","display_name":"Reactive programming","level":4,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61714564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661185","display_name":"Symbolic programming","level":4,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119489759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508843","display_name":"Functional reactive programming","level":5,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120558287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418502","display_name":"Procedural programming","level":4,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96315309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508829","display_name":"Functional logic programming","level":4,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779038628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248497","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/34","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/34","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalized":[0],"programming":[1,29,69,92,126,154,225],"tutoring,":[2],"such":[3,46],"as":[4],"exercise":[5],"recommendation,":[6],"can":[7],"enhance":[8],"learners'":[9],"efficiency,":[10],"motivation,":[11],"and":[12,27,38,77,156,189,216],"outcomes,":[13],"which":[14,116,178],"is":[15],"increasingly":[16],"important":[17],"in":[18,72,94,118,166],"modern":[19],"digital":[20],"education.":[21,226],"However,":[22],"the":[23,33,42,64,113,120,124,138,151,157,163,172,181,221],"lack":[24,74],"of":[25,45,68,75,115,123,140,153,159,175,197],"sufficient":[26],"high-quality":[28],"data,":[30,59],"combined":[31],"with":[32,109,144],"mismatch":[34],"between":[35],"offline":[36],"evaluation":[37],"real-world":[39,205],"learning,":[40,70],"hinders":[41],"practical":[43],"deployment":[44],"systems.":[47],"To":[48,79],"address":[49],"this":[50,81],"challenge,":[51],"many":[52],"approaches":[53],"attempt":[54],"to":[55,89,142],"simulate":[56,90],"learner":[57,108],"practice":[58,127],"yet":[60],"they":[61],"often":[62],"overlook":[63],"fine-grained,":[65],"iterative":[66,198],"nature":[67],"resulting":[71],"a":[73,85,95,132,194],"interpretability":[76],"granularity.":[78],"fill":[80],"gap,":[82],"we":[83,104,136,170],"propose":[84],"LLM-based":[86],"agent,":[87,112],"CoderAgent,":[88],"students'":[91],"processes":[93],"fine-grained":[96],"manner":[97],"without":[98],"relying":[99],"on":[100,150,204],"real":[101],"data.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"equip":[105],"each":[106],"human":[107,125,145],"an":[110],"intelligent":[111],"core":[114],"lies":[117],"capturing":[119],"cognitive":[121,133,146,168],"states":[122],"process.":[128],"Inspired":[129],"by":[130,148],"ACT-R,":[131],"architecture":[134,147],"framework,":[135],"design":[137],"structure":[139],"CoderAgent":[141,209],"align":[143],"focusing":[149],"mastery":[152],"knowledge":[155],"application":[158],"coding":[160],"ability.":[161],"Recognizing":[162],"inherent":[164],"patterns":[165],"multi-layered":[167],"reasoning,":[169],"introduce":[171],"Programming":[173],"Tree":[174],"Thought":[176],"(PTOT),":[177],"breaks":[179],"down":[180],"process":[182],"into":[183,213],"four":[184],"steps:":[185],"why,":[186],"how,":[187],"where,":[188],"what.":[190],"This":[191],"approach":[192],"enables":[193],"detailed":[195],"analysis":[196],"problem-solving":[199],"strategies.":[200],"Finally,":[201],"experimental":[202],"evaluations":[203],"datasets":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"that":[208],"provides":[210],"interpretable":[211],"insights":[212],"learning":[214],"trajectories":[215],"achieves":[217],"accurate":[218],"simulations,":[219],"paving":[220],"way":[222],"for":[223],"personalized":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
