{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414360659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/152","title":"Learnable Frequency Decomposition for Image Forgery Detection and Localization","display_name":"Learnable Frequency Decomposition for Image Forgery Detection and Localization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414360659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674001","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102088984","display_name":"Jiay\u00edng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiay\u00edng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113404777","display_name":"Yidi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-1464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610796","display_name":"Xin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-8670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079007635","display_name":"Xueyang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320739","display_name":"Jiawei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756739","display_name":"Aiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003217535","display_name":"Zheng-Jun Zha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-8993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Jun Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100674001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26801221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1359","last_page":"1367"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9168000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subnetwork","display_name":"Subnetwork","score":0.8176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6582000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency","display_name":"Spatial frequency","score":0.4138999879360199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11414","display_name":"Subnetwork","level":2,"score":0.8176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7526999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6675999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6582000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image editing","level":3,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777316791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105246","display_name":"Phase congruency","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100515483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268235","display_name":"Filter bank","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778328480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639904","display_name":"Hybrid image","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2025/152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concern":[0],"for":[1],"image":[2,7,44,113,200],"authenticity":[3],"spurs":[4],"research":[5],"in":[6,54,124],"forgery":[8,134,171,201],"detection":[9,135,202],"and":[10,23,36,57,61,81,86,88,103,116,151,154,203,208],"localization":[11,188,204],"(IFDL).":[12],"Most":[13],"deep":[14,78],"learning-based":[15],"methods":[16],"focus":[17],"primarily":[18],"on":[19,65,119,191],"spatial":[20],"domain":[21,29],"modeling":[22],"have":[24],"not":[25],"fully":[26],"explored":[27],"frequency":[28,39,72,162],"strategies.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,68],"observe":[35],"analyze":[37],"the":[38,98,104,112,121,125,142,145,165,179,183],"characteristic":[40],"changes":[41],"caused":[42,168],"by":[43,169],"tampering.":[45],"Observations":[46],"indicate":[47],"that":[48,195],"manipulation":[49],"traces":[50,172],"are":[51],"especially":[52],"prominent":[53],"phase":[55,84,126],"components":[56,90],"span":[58],"both":[59,83,206],"low":[60,152],"high-frequency":[62],"bands.":[63],"Based":[64],"these":[66],"findings,":[67],"propose":[69],"a":[70,156],"forensic":[71],"decomposition":[73],"network":[74],"(F2D-Net),":[75],"which":[76],"incorporates":[77],"Fourier":[79],"transforms":[80],"leverages":[82],"information":[85],"high":[87,150],"low-frequency":[89],"to":[91,128,147,159,182,186],"enhance":[92],"IFDL.":[93],"Specifically,":[94],"F2D-Net":[95],"consists":[96],"of":[97,144],"Spectral":[99],"Decomposition":[100],"Subnetwork":[101,107],"(SDSN)":[102],"Frequency":[105],"Separation":[106],"(FSSN).":[108],"The":[109,137],"former":[110],"decomposes":[111,141],"into":[114],"amplitude":[115],"phase,":[117],"focusing":[118],"learning":[120],"semantic":[122],"content":[123],"spectrum":[127],"identify":[129],"forged":[130,184],"objects,":[131],"thus":[132],"improving":[133],"accuracy.":[136,189],"latter":[138],"further":[139],"adaptively":[140],"output":[143],"SDSN":[146],"obtain":[148],"corresponding":[149],"frequencies,":[153,175],"applies":[155],"divide-and-conquer":[157],"strategy":[158],"refine":[160],"each":[161],"band,":[163],"mitigating":[164],"optimization":[166],"difficulties":[167],"coupled":[170],"across":[173],"different":[174],"thereby":[176],"better":[177],"capturing":[178],"pixels":[180],"belonging":[181],"object":[185],"improve":[187],"Experiments":[190],"multiple":[192],"datasets":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"our":[196],"method":[197],"outperforms":[198],"state-of-the-art":[199],"techniques":[205],"qualitatively":[207],"quantitatively.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}