{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385764427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","title":"Bias On Demand: Investigating Bias with a Synthetic Data Generator","display_name":"Bias On Demand: Investigating Bias with a Synthetic Data Generator","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385764427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0828.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0828.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002061675","display_name":"Joachim Baumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-4829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Baumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland","Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland","Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495","https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015450677","display_name":"Alessandro Castelnovo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-1155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144624","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2yhg09","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Castelnovo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","Dept. of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Univ. of Milan-Bicocca","Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.; Dept. of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Univ. of Milan-Bicocca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Univ. of Milan-Bicocca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.; Dept. of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Univ. of Milan-Bicocca","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031869151","display_name":"Andrea Cosentini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144624","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2yhg09","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Cosentini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046602284","display_name":"Riccardo Crupi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-5161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144624","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2yhg09","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Crupi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045241739","display_name":"Nicole Inverardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0048-7455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144624","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2yhg09","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Inverardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011035709","display_name":"Daniele Regoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144624","display_name":"Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2yhg09","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Regoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144624"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85122357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7110","last_page":"7114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7891454696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.7167774438858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5150587558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.44455158710479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.42714935541152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42043086886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3914220929145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3213890790939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3149470090866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.18315818905830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11554336547851562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7891454696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.7167774438858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5150587558746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.44455158710479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.42714935541152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42043086886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3914220929145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3213890790939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3149470090866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.18315818905830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11554336547851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0828.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/29508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/29508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401811","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/828","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0828.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385764427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385764427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2766046864","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2888421747","https://openalex.org/W3004493409","https://openalex.org/W3092541244","https://openalex.org/W3096290781","https://openalex.org/W3128108140","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3213556453","https://openalex.org/W4212866163","https://openalex.org/W4214835294","https://openalex.org/W4220760463","https://openalex.org/W4281641238","https://openalex.org/W4295954024","https://openalex.org/W4303424077","https://openalex.org/W4308434051","https://openalex.org/W4380319373","https://openalex.org/W4388161955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014709025","https://openalex.org/W2155019192","https://openalex.org/W3125341812","https://openalex.org/W1991674760","https://openalex.org/W1668171714","https://openalex.org/W2155297398","https://openalex.org/W4380607112","https://openalex.org/W2218294330","https://openalex.org/W1997278405","https://openalex.org/W2347989876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"systems":[3,23],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"being":[6],"adopted":[7],"to":[8,49,60,70,109,126],"make":[9],"decisions":[10],"that":[11,31],"might":[12],"have":[13],"a":[14,68,88,93,132],"significant":[15],"impact":[16],"on":[17,25,66,106,118],"people's":[18],"lives.":[19],"Because":[20],"these":[21],"decision-making":[22],"rely":[24],"data-driven":[26],"learning,":[27],"the":[28,36,40,111,128],"risk":[29],"is":[30,47,55,80],"they":[32],"will":[33],"systematically":[34],"propagate":[35],"bias":[37,54],"embedded":[38],"in":[39,101],"data.":[41],"To":[42],"prevent":[43],"harmful":[44],"consequences,":[45],"it":[46],"essential":[48],"comprehend":[50],"how":[51,59],"and":[52,57,86,115,120],"where":[53],"introduced":[56],"possibly":[58],"mitigate":[61],"it.":[62],"We":[63,91,123],"demonstrate":[64],"Bias":[65],"Demand,":[67],"framework":[69],"generate":[71],"synthetic":[72,98],"datasets":[73],"with":[74],"different":[75,107],"types":[76],"of":[77,95],"bias,":[78],"which":[79,102],"available":[81],"as":[82,87],"an":[83],"open-source":[84],"toolkit":[85],"pip":[89],"package.":[90],"include":[92],"demo":[94],"our":[96],"proposed":[97],"data":[99],"generator,":[100],"we":[103],"illustrate":[104],"experiments":[105],"scenarios":[108],"showcase":[110],"interconnection":[112],"between":[113],"biases":[114],"their":[116],"effect":[117],"performance":[119],"fairness":[121],"evaluations.":[122],"encourage":[124],"readers":[125],"explore":[127],"full":[129],"paper":[130],"for":[131],"more":[133],"detailed":[134],"analysis.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}