{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385767564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","title":"LION: Label Disambiguation for Semi-supervised Facial Expression Recognition with Progressive Negative Learning","display_name":"LION: Label Disambiguation for Semi-supervised Facial Expression Recognition with Progressive Negative Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385767564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/78"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0078.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0078.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112978955","display_name":"Zhongjing Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjing Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University","School of Computer Science, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100529544","display_name":"Xu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8980-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University","School of Computer Science, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706339","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-6484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University","School of Computer Science, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100558653","display_name":"Qizheng Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131439","display_name":"Applied Mathematics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03seew607","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131439"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qizheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Mathematics, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Mathematics, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I4210131439"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030763508","display_name":"Xi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-1631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu University of Information Technology","School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009027","display_name":"Jiliu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University","School of Computer Science, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733310","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-8685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University","School of Computer Science, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112978955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87830298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"699","last_page":"707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7843801975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.7262064814567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6691098213195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6121538877487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5608150362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5131383538246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5117542743682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5096240043640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5035759806632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-label-classification","display_name":"Multi-label classification","score":0.49919748306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4537447392940521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7843801975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.7262064814567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6691098213195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6121538877487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5608150362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5131383538246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5117542743682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5096240043640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5035759806632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553958","display_name":"Multi-label classification","level":2,"score":0.49919748306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4537447392940521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0078.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/78","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0078.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2182196317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8769361200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 62071314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385767564.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035372623","https://openalex.org/W2083021723","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2431080869","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2581887665","https://openalex.org/W2889978276","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2943865428","https://openalex.org/W2944210297","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2969673731","https://openalex.org/W2978426779","https://openalex.org/W2981952612","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3003720578","https://openalex.org/W3008894039","https://openalex.org/W3035336958","https://openalex.org/W3096651426","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3104113379","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3118860896","https://openalex.org/W3152444295","https://openalex.org/W3171608926","https://openalex.org/W3195286673","https://openalex.org/W3205500251","https://openalex.org/W4221166027","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4287250183","https://openalex.org/W4287388854","https://openalex.org/W4293577678","https://openalex.org/W4294568686","https://openalex.org/W4312108898","https://openalex.org/W4313128368","https://openalex.org/W4363676998","https://openalex.org/W6755811877","https://openalex.org/W6790825729","https://openalex.org/W6791858558","https://openalex.org/W6803771590","https://openalex.org/W6847742374","https://openalex.org/W6863318804","https://openalex.org/W6863994431","https://openalex.org/W6864014924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W2161052216","https://openalex.org/W3091880950","https://openalex.org/W2783129721","https://openalex.org/W2157552837","https://openalex.org/W2169863116","https://openalex.org/W2578306198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semi-supervised":[0],"deep":[1],"facial":[2,41],"expression":[3,110],"recognition":[4],"(SS-DFER)":[5],"has":[6],"recently":[7],"attracted":[8],"rising":[9],"research":[10],"interest":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,73,104,119,154,166],"its":[14],"more":[15,139,157],"practical":[16],"setting":[17],"of":[18,46],"abundant":[19],"unlabeled":[20,47,143],"data.":[21,123],"However,":[22],"there":[23],"are":[24],"two":[25],"main":[26],"problems":[27],"unconsidered":[28],"in":[29,191],"current":[30,188],"SS-DFER":[31,58,192],"methods:":[32],"1)":[33],"label":[34,80,117,131],"ambiguity,":[35],"i.e.,":[36],"given":[37],"labels":[38,91,96],"mismatch":[39],"with":[40,49,89,145],"expressions;":[42],"2)":[43],"inefficient":[44],"utilization":[45],"data":[48,88,103,135,144,171],"low-confidence.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"a":[56,61,66,115],"novel":[57],"method,":[59],"including":[60,87],"Label":[62],"DIsambiguation":[63],"module":[64,82,151],"and":[65,94,112,128,172,193],"PrOgressive":[67],"Negative":[68],"Learning":[69],"module,":[70],"namely":[71],"LION,":[72],"simultaneously":[74],"address":[75],"both":[76],"problems.":[77],"Specifically,":[78],"the":[79,109,121,126,129,133,147,164,168,187],"disambiguation":[81],"operates":[83],"on":[84,125,177],"labeled":[85],"data,":[86],"accurate":[90],"(clear":[92],"data)":[93],"ambiguous":[95,122,134],"(ambiguous":[97],"data).":[98],"It":[99],"first":[100],"uses":[101],"clear":[102],"calculate":[105],"prototypes":[106,127],"for":[107,142],"all":[108,120],"classes,":[111],"then":[113],"re-assign":[114],"candidate":[116,130],"set":[118],"Based":[124],"set,":[132],"can":[136,162],"be":[137,199],"relabeled":[138],"accurately.":[140],"As":[141],"low-confidence,":[146],"progressive":[148],"negative":[149],"learning":[150],"is":[152],"developed":[153],"iteratively":[155],"mine":[156],"complete":[158],"complementary":[159,174],"labels,":[160],"which":[161],"guide":[163],"model":[165],"reduce":[167],"association":[169],"between":[170],"corresponding":[173],"labels.":[175],"Experiments":[176],"three":[178],"challenging":[179],"datasets":[180],"show":[181],"that":[182],"our":[183],"method":[184],"significantly":[185],"outperforms":[186],"state-of-the-art":[189],"approaches":[190],"surpasses":[194],"fully-supervised":[195],"baselines.":[196],"Code":[197],"will":[198],"available":[200],"at":[201],"https://github.com/NUM-7/LION.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}