{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385764252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","title":"The Hardness of Reasoning about Probabilities and Causality","display_name":"The Hardness of Reasoning about Probabilities and Causality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385764252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0636.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0636.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052588460","display_name":"Benito van der Zander","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benito van der Zander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035530886","display_name":"Markus Bl\u00e4ser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1750-9036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Bl\u00e4ser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001544783","display_name":"Maciej Li\u015bkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Li\u015bkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052588460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55825816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5730","last_page":"5738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7220885753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.6862632632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.6685811281204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.6206216216087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.598656415939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5894209742546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5411322712898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.5217772126197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5207769274711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4744212031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.46748727560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.4123746156692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3796943724155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3060174584388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2988981008529663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7220885753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.6862632632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.6685811281204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.6206216216087341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.598656415939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5894209742546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5411322712898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5217772126197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5207769274711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4744212031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.46748727560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.4123746156692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3796943724155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3060174584388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2988981008529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0636.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/636","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0636.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2227352713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"471183316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6024419964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G866081218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZA 1244/1-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385764252.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511986666","https://openalex.org/W1527197079","https://openalex.org/W1999428129","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2067397873","https://openalex.org/W2067754486","https://openalex.org/W2071894919","https://openalex.org/W2082387287","https://openalex.org/W2131662609","https://openalex.org/W2146907658","https://openalex.org/W2301555989","https://openalex.org/W2592086020","https://openalex.org/W2790462119","https://openalex.org/W2795329138","https://openalex.org/W4213009134","https://openalex.org/W4220858968","https://openalex.org/W4231570205","https://openalex.org/W4294285654","https://openalex.org/W4379365605","https://openalex.org/W4385764252","https://openalex.org/W4394854744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176904788","https://openalex.org/W21597398","https://openalex.org/W4298153058","https://openalex.org/W2408080066","https://openalex.org/W2268872489","https://openalex.org/W1913543287","https://openalex.org/W2014111643","https://openalex.org/W2963044240","https://openalex.org/W2076399409","https://openalex.org/W2102364390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,57],"study":[1],"formal":[2],"languages":[3],"which":[4,66],"are":[5,84],"capable":[6],"of":[7,44,53,74,97,118],"fully":[8],"expressing":[9,33],"quantitative":[10],"probabilistic":[11,37],"reasoning":[12,15,101],"and":[13,38,79,104],"do-calculus":[14],"for":[16,86,100,122],"causal":[17,39],"effects,":[18],"from":[19],"a":[20,59,71],"computational":[21,51],"complexity":[22,52,62],"perspective.":[23],"focus":[25],"on":[26,94,113],"satisfiability":[27,55,120],"problems":[28,83,121],"whose":[29],"instance":[30],"formulas":[31],"allow":[32],"many":[34],"tasks":[35],"in":[36],"inference.":[40],"The":[41],"main":[42],"contribution":[43],"this":[45],"work":[46],"is":[47],"establishing":[48],"the":[49,75,95,114,119],"exact":[50],"these":[54,82],"problems.":[56],"introduce":[58],"new":[60],"natural":[61],"class,":[63],"named":[64],"succ\u2203R,":[65],"can":[67],"be":[68],"viewed":[69],"as":[70],"succinct":[72],"variant":[73],"well-studied":[76],"class":[77],"\u2203R,":[78],"show":[80],"that":[81,110],"complete":[85],"succ\u2203R.":[87],"Our":[88],"results":[89,109],"imply":[90],"even":[91],"stronger":[92],"limitations":[93],"use":[96],"algorithmic":[98],"methods":[99],"about":[102],"probabilities":[103],"causality":[105],"than":[106],"previous":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"rely":[111],"only":[112],"NP-":[115],"or":[116],"\u2203R-completeness":[117],"some":[123],"restricted":[124],"languages.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
