{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285606948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","title":"Detecting and Understanding Harmful Memes: A Survey","display_name":"Detecting and Understanding Harmful Memes: A Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285606948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0781.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005446354","display_name":"Shivam Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-0966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090636","display_name":"Wipro (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/001ccf545","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivam Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIIT-Delhi, India","Wipro AI Labs, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIT-Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252","https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wipro AI Labs, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053436179","display_name":"Firoj Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-1997"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firoj Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Computing Research Institute, Qatar","Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, Qatar","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU, Qatar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066369545","display_name":"Md Shad Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-2382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Shad Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIIT-Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIT-Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252","https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638427","display_name":"Dimitar Dimitrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitar Dimitrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sofia University, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofia University, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033850423","display_name":"Giovanni Da San Martino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-483X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Da San Martino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043413179","display_name":"Hamed Firooz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Firooz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook AI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook AI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067621853","display_name":"Alon Halevy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-7356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alon Halevy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook AI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook AI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044165871","display_name":"Fabrizio Silvestri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-9055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Silvestri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012055259","display_name":"Preslav Nakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preslav Nakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046521217","display_name":"Tanmoy Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanmoy Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIIT-Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIIT-Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252","https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5597","last_page":"5606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6711639761924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6498188972473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442335844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typology","display_name":"Typology","score":0.6241993308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6039087772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5339322090148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.528310239315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5127450227737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiotics","display_name":"Semiotics","score":0.4805307984352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.4327636957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29446378350257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.26522186398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21918436884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1754673719406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.136196106672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12818634510040283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6711639761924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6498188972473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442335844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.6241993308067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6039087772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5339322090148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.528310239315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5127450227737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60195","display_name":"Semiotics","level":2,"score":0.4805307984352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4327636957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29446378350257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26522186398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21918436884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1754673719406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.136196106672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12818634510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1678447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1678447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3481486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3481486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/781","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319188","display_name":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330597","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285606948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285606948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2031545815","https://openalex.org/W2050125854","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2247662608","https://openalex.org/W2417169833","https://openalex.org/W2496929103","https://openalex.org/W2584084362","https://openalex.org/W2604439268","https://openalex.org/W2610373898","https://openalex.org/W2613332993","https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2747187574","https://openalex.org/W2771711739","https://openalex.org/W2794585602","https://openalex.org/W2808778018","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2900322753","https://openalex.org/W2904937466","https://openalex.org/W2912102236","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2947764311","https://openalex.org/W2949089361","https://openalex.org/W2962977603","https://openalex.org/W2965265935","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2968124245","https://openalex.org/W2969876226","https://openalex.org/W2970487286","https://openalex.org/W2972356729","https://openalex.org/W2972412166","https://openalex.org/W2977799215","https://openalex.org/W2996636979","https://openalex.org/W3009899658","https://openalex.org/W3010561889","https://openalex.org/W3032412857","https://openalex.org/W3035688398","https://openalex.org/W3037924069","https://openalex.org/W3041412367","https://openalex.org/W3045157280","https://openalex.org/W3089703818","https://openalex.org/W3090449556","https://openalex.org/W3097770231","https://openalex.org/W3104239954","https://openalex.org/W3111930335","https://openalex.org/W3115903740","https://openalex.org/W3117303195","https://openalex.org/W3121814171","https://openalex.org/W3133585485","https://openalex.org/W3134728912","https://openalex.org/W3135161617","https://openalex.org/W3139663671","https://openalex.org/W3157632994","https://openalex.org/W3158749658","https://openalex.org/W3166815810","https://openalex.org/W3168388144","https://openalex.org/W3174017448","https://openalex.org/W3174027106","https://openalex.org/W3174604160","https://openalex.org/W3175039885","https://openalex.org/W3175392088","https://openalex.org/W3176937211","https://openalex.org/W3177048205","https://openalex.org/W3183569911","https://openalex.org/W3184200018","https://openalex.org/W3184457097","https://openalex.org/W3184650641","https://openalex.org/W3185808850","https://openalex.org/W3186646580","https://openalex.org/W3189607257","https://openalex.org/W3191286626","https://openalex.org/W3195130895","https://openalex.org/W3196454747","https://openalex.org/W3199394329","https://openalex.org/W3210595538","https://openalex.org/W4206917460","https://openalex.org/W4226027139","https://openalex.org/W4230870088","https://openalex.org/W4239461172","https://openalex.org/W4284707425","https://openalex.org/W4285218814","https://openalex.org/W4287113019","https://openalex.org/W4287267849","https://openalex.org/W4287854979","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4292937823","https://openalex.org/W4297816851","https://openalex.org/W4298178213","https://openalex.org/W4312366499","https://openalex.org/W4361187997","https://openalex.org/W4393711525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2241143171","https://openalex.org/W3212604275","https://openalex.org/W4210715198","https://openalex.org/W4298181027","https://openalex.org/W654341863","https://openalex.org/W3170213355","https://openalex.org/W1904057732","https://openalex.org/W334991267","https://openalex.org/W2172189869","https://openalex.org/W1764580663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"automatic":[1],"identification":[2],"of":[3,8,41,64,73,85,95,113,130],"harmful":[4,31,57,74,96],"content":[5,32],"online":[6,186],"is":[7,91,140],"major":[9],"concern":[10],"for":[11],"social":[12,175],"media":[13],"platforms,":[14],"policymakers,":[15],"and":[16,23,76,80,106,151,173,177,188,193,201],"society.":[17],"Researchers":[18],"have":[19],"studied":[20],"textual,":[21],"visual,":[22],"audio":[24],"content,":[25],"but":[26],"typically":[27],"in":[28,38,45,148],"isolation.":[29],"Yet,":[30],"often":[33],"combines":[34],"multiple":[35],"modalities,":[36],"as":[37,184],"the":[39,82,86,111,131],"case":[40],"memes.":[42,58],"With":[43],"this":[44],"mind,":[46],"here":[47],"we":[48,67,78,178,197],"offer":[49],"a":[50,54,61,70],"comprehensive":[51],"survey":[52],"with":[53],"focus":[55],"on":[56,60],"Based":[59],"systematic":[62],"analysis":[63],"recent":[65],"literature,":[66],"first":[68],"propose":[69],"new":[71],"typology":[72],"memes,":[75],"then":[77],"highlight":[79],"summarize":[81],"relevant":[83],"state":[84],"art.":[87],"One":[88],"interesting":[89],"finding":[90],"that":[92,119,134,141,152],"many":[93],"types":[94],"memes":[97,135,142],"are":[98,127],"not":[99,128],"really":[100],"studied,":[101],"e.g.,":[102],"such":[103,183],"featuring":[104],"self-harm":[105],"extremism,":[107],"partly":[108],"due":[109],"to":[110,168],"lack":[112],"suitable":[114],"datasets.":[115],"We":[116,161],"further":[117],"find":[118],"existing":[120],"datasets":[121],"mostly":[122],"capture":[123],"multi-class":[124],"scenarios,":[125],"which":[126,196],"inclusive":[129],"affective":[132],"spectrum":[133],"can":[136,143,154],"represent.":[137],"Another":[138],"observation":[139],"propagate":[144],"globally":[145],"through":[146],"repackaging":[147],"different":[149,159],"languages":[150],"they":[153],"also":[155],"be":[156],"multilingual,":[157],"blending":[158],"cultures.":[160],"conclude":[162],"by":[163],"highlighting":[164],"several":[165,180],"challenges":[166],"related":[167,191],"multimodal":[169],"semiotics,":[170],"technological":[171],"constraints,":[172],"non-trivial":[174],"engagement,":[176],"present":[179],"open-ended":[181],"aspects":[182],"delineating":[185],"harm":[187],"empirically":[189],"examining":[190],"frameworks":[192],"assistive":[194],"interventions,":[195],"believe":[198],"will":[199],"motivate":[200],"drive":[202],"future":[203],"research.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
