{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285602113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","title":"Data-Efficient Backdoor Attacks","display_name":"Data-Efficient Backdoor Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285602113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0554.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049847547","display_name":"Pengfei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-2057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757234","display_name":"Ziqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441817","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5880-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365157","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2332-3959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3992","last_page":"3998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9902421236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7598353624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6007260084152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5531021952629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.523333728313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.46294936537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.45699235796928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.43876758217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42811524868011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4268271028995514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4115249216556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37585145235061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.287149578332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09324851632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0786956250667572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9902421236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7598353624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6007260084152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5531021952629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.523333728313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.46294936537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.45699235796928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.43876758217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42811524868011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4268271028995514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4115249216556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37585145235061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.287149578332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09324851632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0786956250667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/554","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262853887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61836011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4198966207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6982757205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2044 and 61836011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285602113.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285602113.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2748789698","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2951013084","https://openalex.org/W2963303354","https://openalex.org/W3012113073","https://openalex.org/W3034579202","https://openalex.org/W3035367371","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3083185154","https://openalex.org/W3096024389","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3130788031","https://openalex.org/W3200441363","https://openalex.org/W4224305896","https://openalex.org/W4226313456","https://openalex.org/W4287998266","https://openalex.org/W4289127828","https://openalex.org/W4294635920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4317672133","https://openalex.org/W4386185023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"proven":[3],"that":[4,66,116],"deep":[5],"neural":[6],"networks":[7],"are":[8],"vulnerable":[9],"to":[10,72,105,133,141,152,158],"backdoor":[11,74],"attacks.":[12],"Specifically,":[13],"by":[14,42,92],"mixing":[15],"a":[16,55,101],"small":[17],"number":[18],"of":[19,28,80,135,167],"poisoned":[20,68,89,137],"samples":[21],"into":[22,57],"the":[23,26,29,49,64,73,78,88,93,117,122,136,142,148],"training":[24],"set,":[25],"behavior":[27],"trained":[30],"model":[31],"can":[32,127,155],"be":[33,128],"maliciously":[34],"controlled.":[35],"Existing":[36],"attack":[37,124],"methods":[38],"construct":[39],"such":[40],"adversaries":[41,149],"randomly":[43],"selecting":[44],"some":[45],"clean":[46],"data":[47,90],"from":[48],"benign":[50],"set":[51],"and":[52,99,113],"then":[53],"embedding":[54],"trigger":[56],"them.":[58],"However,":[59],"this":[60,83],"selection":[61,94,144],"strategy":[62],"ignores":[63],"fact":[65],"each":[67],"sample":[69,138],"contributes":[70],"inequally":[71],"injection,":[75],"which":[76],"reduces":[77],"efficiency":[79,91],"poisoning.":[81],"In":[82],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"formulate":[86],"improving":[87],"as":[95],"an":[96],"optimization":[97],"problem":[98],"propose":[100],"Filtering-and-Updating":[102],"Strategy":[103],"(FUS)":[104],"solve":[106],"it.":[107],"The":[108,164],"experimental":[109],"results":[110],"on":[111],"CIFAR-10":[112],"ImageNet-10":[114],"indicate":[115],"proposed":[118],"method":[119,169],"is":[120,170],"effective:":[121],"same":[123],"success":[125],"rate":[126],"achieved":[129],"with":[130],"only":[131],"47%":[132],"75%":[134],"volume":[139],"compared":[140],"random":[143],"strategy.":[145],"More":[146],"importantly,":[147],"selected":[150],"according":[151],"one":[153],"setting":[154],"generalize":[156],"well":[157],"other":[159],"settings,":[160],"exhibiting":[161],"strong":[162],"transferability.":[163],"prototype":[165],"code":[166],"our":[168],"now":[171],"available":[172],"at":[173],"https://github.com/xpf/Data-Efficient-Backdoor-Attacks.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
