{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285605389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","title":"Preserving Consistency in Multi-Issue Liquid Democracy","display_name":"Preserving Consistency in Multi-Issue Liquid Democracy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285605389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/29"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0029.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063787972","display_name":"Rachael Colley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4387153255","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachael Colley","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIT, University of Toulouse","IRIT-LILaC - Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT, University of Toulouse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189","https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-LILaC - Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037466565","display_name":"Umberto Grandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-5142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4387153255","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umberto Grandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIT, University of Toulouse","IRIT-LILaC - Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT, University of Toulouse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189","https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-LILaC - Logique, Interaction, Langue et Calcul (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5214,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81616257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.9573895931243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.8138916492462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.7530794143676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6028363704681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5503621697425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-democracy","display_name":"Direct democracy","score":0.439087450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4015422761440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.38600215315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3587682843208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.3218616247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20443204045295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20008668303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18937143683433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0725126564502716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.9573895931243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.8138916492462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7530794143676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6028363704681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5503621697425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501008422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171174","display_name":"Direct democracy","level":4,"score":0.439087450504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4015422761440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38600215315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3587682843208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3218616247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20443204045295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20008668303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18937143683433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0725126564502716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03858789v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03858789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/29","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/29","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0029.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4166316404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR 18-CE23-0009-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5991658041","display_name":"Social Choice and Social Networks","funder_award_id":"ANR-18-CE23-0009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285605389.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285605389.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975442866","https://openalex.org/W1987476948","https://openalex.org/W2010366819","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2534090929","https://openalex.org/W2738439555","https://openalex.org/W2788830659","https://openalex.org/W2807775412","https://openalex.org/W2937415931","https://openalex.org/W2945183077","https://openalex.org/W2964439660","https://openalex.org/W3109864172","https://openalex.org/W3126980190","https://openalex.org/W3136272245","https://openalex.org/W3137693103","https://openalex.org/W3173221820","https://openalex.org/W3176816900","https://openalex.org/W3184261541","https://openalex.org/W3187041464","https://openalex.org/W3199278443","https://openalex.org/W3208969370","https://openalex.org/W4226334228","https://openalex.org/W4283792131","https://openalex.org/W4287267396","https://openalex.org/W4295101979","https://openalex.org/W6751726908","https://openalex.org/W6755964450","https://openalex.org/W6864682462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388461933","https://openalex.org/W2087418684","https://openalex.org/W2352740930","https://openalex.org/W2390416707","https://openalex.org/W2799963908","https://openalex.org/W2393257888","https://openalex.org/W165444360","https://openalex.org/W2358208149","https://openalex.org/W4385993479","https://openalex.org/W3014169562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liquid":[0],"democracy":[1,9,35],"bridges":[2],"the":[3,52,67,71,91,95,108],"gap":[4],"between":[5],"direct":[6],"and":[7,63,89,99],"representative":[8],"by":[10,55],"allowing":[11],"agents":[12,38],"to":[13,21,28,39,47,66,87],"vote":[14],"directly":[15],"on":[16,30,78],"an":[17],"issue":[18],"or":[19,59],"delegate":[20],"a":[22],"trusted":[23],"voter.":[24],"Yet,":[25],"when":[26],"applied":[27],"votes":[29,69,106],"multiple":[31],"interconnected":[32],"issues,":[33,97],"liquid":[34],"can":[36],"lead":[37],"submit":[40],"inconsistent":[41],"votes.":[42],"Two":[43],"approaches":[44],"are":[45,82],"possible":[46],"maintain":[48],"consistency:":[49],"either":[50],"modify":[51],"voters'":[53],"ballots":[54],"ignoring":[56],"problematic":[57],"delegations,":[58],"resolve":[60],"all":[61],"delegations":[62,110],"make":[64],"changes":[65,81],"final":[68],"of":[70],"agents.":[72],"We":[73,84],"show":[74],"that":[75,103],"rules":[76],"based":[77],"minimising":[79],"such":[80],"NP-complete.":[83],"propose":[85],"instead":[86],"elicit":[88],"apply":[90],"agents'":[92,109],"priorities":[93],"over":[94],"delegated":[96],"designing":[98],"analysing":[100],"two":[101],"algorithms":[102],"find":[104],"consistent":[105],"from":[107],"in":[111],"polynomial":[112],"time.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}