{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204887334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","title":"Hierarchical Bilevel Learning with Architecture and Loss Search for Hadamard-based Image Restoration","display_name":"Hierarchical Bilevel Learning with Architecture and Loss Search for Hadamard-based Image Restoration","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204887334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","mag":"3204887334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0245.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015994736","display_name":"Guijing Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guijing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology","School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037377300","display_name":"Long Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-0198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology","Peng Cheng Laboratory","School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057776894","display_name":"Xin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-4188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology","International School of Information Science & Engineering, Dalian University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science & Engineering, Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042370642","display_name":"Risheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology","International School of Information Science & Engineering, Dalian University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Information Science & Engineering, Dalian University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015994736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47203691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1757","last_page":"1764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6770020723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.5795795917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5737866163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5488574504852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44819819927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44155943393707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.41356828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34584128856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2487584948539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1863432228565216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0803370475769043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6770020723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.5795795917510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5737866163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5488574504852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44819819927215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44155943393707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.41356828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34584128856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2487584948539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1863432228565216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0803370475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/245","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G168428553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2021A12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3049013466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2021A12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","funder_display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3526176278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61733002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4231768715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62027826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5335153623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2021A12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5537821482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"021A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8944108821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204887334.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204887334.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128869332","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1817412228","https://openalex.org/W2005573219","https://openalex.org/W2011181254","https://openalex.org/W2081140338","https://openalex.org/W2121015471","https://openalex.org/W2171790376","https://openalex.org/W2187347509","https://openalex.org/W2293581118","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2493091936","https://openalex.org/W2523532944","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2742414663","https://openalex.org/W2783488367","https://openalex.org/W2893333553","https://openalex.org/W2947815032","https://openalex.org/W2948354154","https://openalex.org/W2948606054","https://openalex.org/W2949187370","https://openalex.org/W2949458057","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2972754151","https://openalex.org/W2985793077","https://openalex.org/W2990007814","https://openalex.org/W2990176100","https://openalex.org/W2997580674","https://openalex.org/W2998249728","https://openalex.org/W3002421716","https://openalex.org/W3006777311","https://openalex.org/W3034278302","https://openalex.org/W3034331889","https://openalex.org/W3034347506","https://openalex.org/W3034539499","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W3123244552","https://openalex.org/W3127754970","https://openalex.org/W3128482754","https://openalex.org/W3170557719","https://openalex.org/W3174792937","https://openalex.org/W3180034634","https://openalex.org/W3186139236","https://openalex.org/W3202650012","https://openalex.org/W4205293988","https://openalex.org/W4205353149","https://openalex.org/W4226468895","https://openalex.org/W4230472795","https://openalex.org/W4288359455","https://openalex.org/W4308900645","https://openalex.org/W4312249431","https://openalex.org/W4313009170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982241170","https://openalex.org/W2116282083","https://openalex.org/W2386549147","https://openalex.org/W1978051046","https://openalex.org/W2950361249","https://openalex.org/W1982297468","https://openalex.org/W2016307712","https://openalex.org/W2974904990","https://openalex.org/W2365681766","https://openalex.org/W2393963626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,35,53,69,95,107,132,139],"past":[2],"few":[3],"decades,":[4],"Hadamard-based":[5,76,169],"image":[6,11,77,160,170,175,178,183],"restoration":[7,78,171],"problems":[8],"(e.g.,":[9],"low-light":[10,174],"enhancement)":[12,184],"attract":[13],"wide":[14],"concerns":[15],"in":[16],"multiple":[17],"areas":[18],"related":[19],"to":[20,67,90,113,136],"artificial":[21],"intelligence.":[22],"However,":[23],"existing":[24],"works":[25],"mostly":[26],"focus":[27],"on":[28,167],"heuristically":[29],"defining":[30],"architecture":[31,70,141,148],"and":[32,71,110,142,158,181],"loss":[33,72,109,162],"by":[34],"engineering":[36],"experiences":[37],"that":[38,104],"came":[39],"from":[40],"extensive":[41],"practices.":[42],"This":[43],"way":[44],"brings":[45],"about":[46],"expensive":[47],"verification":[48],"costs":[49],"for":[50,74,118,130],"seeking":[51],"out":[52],"optimal":[54],"solution.":[55],"To":[56],"this":[57],"end,":[58],"we":[59,82,99,122],"develop":[60],"a":[61,85,101,115,124,153],"novel":[62],"hierarchical":[63,126],"bilevel":[64,127],"learning":[65,128],"scheme":[66,129],"discover":[68],"simultaneously":[73],"different":[75],"tasks.":[79],"More":[80],"concretely,":[81],"first":[83],"establish":[84],"new":[86,125],"Hadamard-inspired":[87],"neural":[88],"unit":[89],"aggregate":[91],"domain":[92],"knowledge":[93],"into":[94],"network":[96,119],"design.":[97],"Then":[98,121],"model":[100,135],"triple-level":[102,134],"optimization":[103],"consists":[105],"of":[106,152,155],"architecture,":[108],"parameters":[111],"optimizations":[112],"deliver":[114],"macro":[116],"perspective":[117],"learning.":[120],"introduce":[123],"solving":[131],"built":[133],"progressively":[137],"generate":[138],"desired":[140],"loss.":[143],"We":[144],"also":[145],"define":[146],"an":[147,159],"search":[149,163],"space":[150],"consisting":[151],"series":[154],"simple":[156],"operations":[157],"quality-oriented":[161],"space.":[164],"Extensive":[165],"experiments":[166],"three":[168],"tasks":[172],"(including":[173],"enhancement,":[176],"single":[177],"haze":[179],"removal":[180],"underwater":[182],"fully":[185],"verify":[186],"our":[187],"superiority":[188],"against":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"methods.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}