{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285606711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","title":"CARD: Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation via Class-agnostic Relation based Denoising","display_name":"CARD: Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation via Class-agnostic Relation based Denoising","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285606711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0202.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334518","display_name":"Xiaoyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-0762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dinnar Automation Technology","University of Liverpool","Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dinnar Automation Technology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011918180","display_name":"Jimin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007047764","display_name":"Bingfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool","Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032994993","display_name":"Limin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6891-0604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70659952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1451","last_page":"1457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8002864122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6946636438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6733299493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.578460693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5601609945297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5279383063316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.506948709487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4883089065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4637833833694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-feature","display_name":"Semantic feature","score":0.4485805630683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44483208656311035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8002864122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6946636438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6733299493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.578460693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5601609945297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5279383063316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.506948709487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4883089065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4637833833694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.4485805630683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44483208656311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/202","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0202.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608755","display_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794522962","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u591a\u89c6\u70b9\u89c6\u9891\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285606711.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285606711.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2144794286","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2787241931","https://openalex.org/W2963558289","https://openalex.org/W2963735582","https://openalex.org/W2978426779","https://openalex.org/W2990231018","https://openalex.org/W2995808743","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3021472582","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3091812030","https://openalex.org/W3107695429","https://openalex.org/W3110002552","https://openalex.org/W3113960880","https://openalex.org/W3120562181","https://openalex.org/W3157653192","https://openalex.org/W3203628193","https://openalex.org/W3204140421","https://openalex.org/W3205500251","https://openalex.org/W4287126729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069133146","https://openalex.org/W1663079876","https://openalex.org/W2017545316","https://openalex.org/W2100576949","https://openalex.org/W2159686533","https://openalex.org/W4242339654","https://openalex.org/W2349160795","https://openalex.org/W2135595438","https://openalex.org/W2993291555","https://openalex.org/W1994670609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"semi-supervised":[1,163],"semantic":[2,40,122,129],"segmentation":[3,46],"methods":[4,160],"focus":[5],"on":[6,39,148],"mining":[7,106],"extra":[8],"supervision":[9],"from":[10,82],"unlabeled":[11],"data":[12],"by":[13],"generating":[14],"pseudo":[15],"labels.":[16],"However,":[17],"noisy":[18,33,68,139],"labels":[19,34],"are":[20,87],"inevitable":[21],"in":[22,66,74,105],"this":[23,111],"process":[24],"which":[25],"prevent":[26],"effective":[27,138],"self-supervision.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"that":[32],"can":[35,55],"be":[36],"corrected":[37],"based":[38],"connections":[41,123],"among":[42,124],"features.":[43],"Since":[44],"a":[45,64,67,115],"classifier":[47],"produces":[48],"both":[49],"high":[50],"and":[51,151],"low-quality":[52],"predictions,":[53],"we":[54,113],"trace":[56],"back":[57],"to":[58,61,72,89,100,119,136,142],"feature":[59,65,96,108,132],"encoder":[60],"investigate":[62],"how":[63],"group":[69],"is":[70],"related":[71],"those":[73],"the":[75,79,83,90,95,154,158],"confident":[76],"groups.":[77],"Discarding":[78],"weak":[80],"predictions":[81,86],"classifier,":[84],"rectified":[85],"assigned":[88],"wrongly":[91],"predicted":[92],"features":[93,125],"through":[94],"relations.":[97],"The":[98,131],"key":[99],"such":[101],"an":[102],"idea":[103],"lies":[104],"reliable":[107],"connections.":[109],"With":[110],"goal,":[112],"propose":[114],"class-agnostic":[116],"relation":[117],"network":[118],"precisely":[120],"capture":[121],"while":[126],"ignoring":[127],"their":[128],"categories.":[130],"relations":[133],"enable":[134],"us":[135],"perform":[137],"label":[140],"corrections":[141],"boost":[143],"self-training":[144],"performance.":[145],"Extensive":[146],"experiments":[147],"PASCAL":[149],"VOC":[150],"Cityscapes":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"state-of-the-art":[155],"performances":[156],"of":[157],"proposed":[159],"under":[161],"various":[162],"settings.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}