{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190703008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","title":"H-FL: A Hierarchical Communication-Efficient and Privacy-Protected Architecture for Federated Learning","display_name":"H-FL: A Hierarchical Communication-Efficient and Privacy-Protected Architecture for Federated Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190703008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","mag":"3190703008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0067.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0067.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021662942","display_name":"Yang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2257-6073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"He Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021662942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"479","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.934499979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8742159605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.8289231061935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.7692540884017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7362567186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5489155650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5318170785903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.4759628176689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.46203354001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4292071759700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3893338441848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3581969738006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3283464312553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17486098408699036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8742159605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.8289231061935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.7692540884017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7362567186355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5489155650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5318170785903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.4759628176689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.46203354001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4292071759700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3893338441848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3581969738006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3283464312553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17486098408699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0067.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/67","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0067.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1168191214","display_name":"\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u68c0\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1549962438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1696770863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xzy012020112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4822486033","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u9690\u5f0f\u7269\u7406\u6307\u7eb9\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6807\u8bc6\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5823314271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018AAA0100500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7901709632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GY-033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8391638498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2018AAA0100500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190703008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190703008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2774000609","https://openalex.org/W2784621220","https://openalex.org/W2949522309","https://openalex.org/W2989289980","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3174935259","https://openalex.org/W4287720355","https://openalex.org/W4289147263","https://openalex.org/W4294106961","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4318619660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286971788","https://openalex.org/W3199340467","https://openalex.org/W3157608626","https://openalex.org/W3132132958","https://openalex.org/W4321612632","https://openalex.org/W4322580403","https://openalex.org/W4399147128","https://openalex.org/W3193217249","https://openalex.org/W4280591108","https://openalex.org/W3021849752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"longstanding":[1],"goals":[2,27],"of":[3,51,60,84,125,130],"federated":[4,41],"learning":[5,42],"(FL)":[6],"require":[7],"rigorous":[8],"privacy":[9,111,116],"guarantees":[10],"and":[11,76],"low":[12],"communication":[13,100],"overhead":[14,101],"while":[15,102,117],"holding":[16],"a":[17,36,66,91],"relatively":[18],"high":[19],"model":[20,53,106],"accuracy.":[21],"However,":[22],"simultaneously":[23],"achieving":[24],"all":[25],"the":[26,49,52,57,61,73,81,85,99,105,131,142,149],"is":[28],"extremely":[29],"challenging.":[30],"In":[31,87],"this":[32,46],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,64,89,113],"propose":[35],"novel":[37],"framework":[38,140],"called":[39],"hierarchical":[40],"(H-FL)":[43],"to":[44,56,79,97],"tackle":[45],"challenge.":[47],"Considering":[48],"degradation":[50],"performance":[54,144],"due":[55],"statistic":[58],"heterogeneity":[59],"training":[62,83],"data,":[63],"devise":[65],"runtime":[67],"distribution":[68],"reconstruction":[69],"strategy,":[70],"which":[71,121],"reallocates":[72],"clients":[74],"appropriately":[75],"utilizes":[77],"mediators":[78],"rearrange":[80],"local":[82,119],"clients.":[86],"addition,":[88],"design":[90],"compression-correction":[92],"mechanism":[93],"incorporated":[94],"into":[95,127],"H-FL":[96,139],"reduce":[98],"not":[103],"sacrificing":[104],"performance.":[107],"To":[108],"further":[109],"provide":[110],"guarantees,":[112],"introduce":[114],"differential":[115],"performing":[118],"training,":[120],"injects":[122],"moderate":[123],"amount":[124],"noise":[126],"only":[128],"part":[129],"complete":[132],"model.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"show":[136],"that":[137],"our":[138],"achieves":[141],"state-of-art":[143],"on":[145],"different":[146],"datasets":[147],"for":[148],"real-world":[150],"image":[151],"recognition":[152],"tasks.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}