{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193041202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","title":"Data-Driven Methods for Balancing Fairness and Efficiency in Ride-Pooling","display_name":"Data-Driven Methods for Balancing Fairness and Efficiency in Ride-Pooling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193041202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","mag":"3193041202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0051.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0051.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085536282","display_name":"Naveen Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8886-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743523","display_name":"Sanket Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanket Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071538560","display_name":"John P. Dickerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-680X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Dickerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"363","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7631052136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.7326797842979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-rider-problem","display_name":"Free rider problem","score":0.6736530661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","score":0.599049985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5842463970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shapley-value","display_name":"Shapley value","score":0.5246805548667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"Economic inequality","score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"Income distribution","score":0.48107361793518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.4552059471607208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3734338879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3624364137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.3368798494338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16780278086662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16551551222801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-good","display_name":"Public good","score":0.12021943926811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11642256379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08997282385826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.0895698070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.08610183000564575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7631052136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.7326797842979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196788367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499215","display_name":"Free rider problem","level":3,"score":0.6736530661582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.599049985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5842463970184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199022921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240046","display_name":"Shapley value","level":3,"score":0.5246805548667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.48107361793518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4552059471607208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3734338879585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3624364137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3368798494338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16780278086662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16551551222801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.12021943926811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11642256379127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08997282385826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0895698070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.08610183000564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0051.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/51","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0051.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1001512892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20126334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2504130134","display_name":"CAREER: Scalable and Robust Dynamic Matching Market Design","funder_award_id":"1846237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236153834","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1846237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7437616762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR00112020007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193041202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193041202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610272614","https://openalex.org/W2788495288","https://openalex.org/W2810872466","https://openalex.org/W2903602506","https://openalex.org/W2914154006","https://openalex.org/W2921189944","https://openalex.org/W2949574275","https://openalex.org/W2962764167","https://openalex.org/W2971251669","https://openalex.org/W2980770955","https://openalex.org/W2994933044","https://openalex.org/W3033180544","https://openalex.org/W3033631579","https://openalex.org/W3090848448","https://openalex.org/W3107115733","https://openalex.org/W3111875693","https://openalex.org/W3173172963","https://openalex.org/W4367595077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885581453","https://openalex.org/W1179424598","https://openalex.org/W2064083586","https://openalex.org/W4390504424","https://openalex.org/W605365594","https://openalex.org/W4285543339","https://openalex.org/W2562904767","https://openalex.org/W4210504280","https://openalex.org/W218371999","https://openalex.org/W3091578052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rideshare":[0],"and":[1,12,51,78,139,171,186,201,210],"ride-pooling":[2,41],"platforms":[3,16],"use":[4,64],"artificial":[5],"intelligence-based":[6],"matching":[7],"algorithms":[8],"to":[9,35,54,70,125,143,163,207],"pair":[10],"riders":[11,101],"drivers.":[13],"However,":[14],"these":[15,61],"can":[17,108,204],"induce":[18],"unfairness":[19],"either":[20],"through":[21],"an":[22,133],"unequal":[23],"income":[24,53,120,127,173],"distribution":[25],"or":[26],"disparate":[27],"treatment":[28],"of":[29,38,97,100,136,150],"riders.":[30],"We":[31],"investigate":[32],"two":[33],"methods":[34,203],"reduce":[36],"forms":[37],"inequality":[39,128],"in":[40,95,111],"platforms:":[42],"by":[43,129],"incorporating":[44],"fairness":[45,91,107,197],"constraints":[46],"into":[47],"the":[48,76,82,98,115,141,168,176,189],"objective":[49],"function":[50],"redistributing":[52],"drivers":[55,131,153,162],"who":[56],"deserve":[57],"more.":[58],"To":[59],"test":[60],"out,":[62],"we":[63,85,118],"New":[65],"York":[66],"City":[67],"taxi":[68],"data":[69],"evaluate":[71],"their":[72,137,156],"performance":[73],"on":[74],"both":[75,184,202],"rider":[77,185,209],"driver":[79,90],"side.":[80],"For":[81,114,147],"first":[83,177],"method,":[84,117],"find":[86],"that":[87,104],"optimizing":[88,105],"for":[89,106],"out-performs":[92],"state-of-the-art":[93],"models":[94],"terms":[96],"number":[99],"serviced,":[102],"showing":[103],"assist":[109],"profitability":[110],"certain":[112,148],"circumstances.":[113],"second":[116,190],"explore":[119],"redistribution":[121,145],"as":[122],"a":[123,144],"method":[124,178,191],"combat":[126],"having":[130],"keep":[132],"$r$":[134],"fraction":[135],"income,":[138,165],"contribute":[140],"rest":[142],"pool.":[146],"values":[149],"$r$,":[151],"most":[152],"earn":[154],"near":[155],"Shapley":[157],"value,":[158],"while":[159],"still":[160],"incentivizing":[161],"maximize":[164],"thereby":[166],"avoiding":[167],"free-rider":[169],"problem":[170],"reducing":[172],"variability.":[174],"While":[175],"is":[179,192],"useful":[180,193],"because":[181,194],"it":[182,195],"improves":[183,196],"driver-side":[187,211],"fairness,":[188],"without":[198],"affecting":[199],"profitability,":[200],"be":[205],"combined":[206],"improve":[208],"fairness.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
