{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188238234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","title":"Likelihood-free Out-of-Distribution Detection with Invertible Generative Models","display_name":"Likelihood-free Out-of-Distribution Detection with Invertible Generative Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188238234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","mag":"3188238234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0292.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0292.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057092732","display_name":"Amirhossein Ahmadian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7411-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Ahmadian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Statistics and Machine Learning, Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Statistics and Machine Learning, Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045048407","display_name":"Fredrik Lindsten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-5820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Lindsten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Statistics and Machine Learning, Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Statistics and Machine Learning, Department of Computer and Information Science, Link\u00f6ping University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057092732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4849,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6493867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2119","last_page":"2125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invertible-matrix","display_name":"Invertible matrix","score":0.7601702213287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.6628152132034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6303681135177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5346447825431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5231172442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-function","display_name":"Likelihood function","score":0.49976587295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4940260052680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4880887269973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4337453544139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4027985632419586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39139866828918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3332650065422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.1822446584701538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96442724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242188","display_name":"Invertible matrix","level":2,"score":0.7601702213287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.6628152132034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6303681135177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5346447825431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5231172442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89106044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45284","display_name":"Likelihood function","level":3,"score":0.49976587295532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4940260052680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4880887269973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4337453544139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4027985632419586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39139866828918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3332650065422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.1822446584701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0292.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/292","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0292.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188238234.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188238234.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123098109","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2340896621","https://openalex.org/W2398119937","https://openalex.org/W2409550820","https://openalex.org/W2786857698","https://openalex.org/W2860343088","https://openalex.org/W2867167548","https://openalex.org/W2898631838","https://openalex.org/W2913300775","https://openalex.org/W2948700496","https://openalex.org/W2949982377","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2963540976","https://openalex.org/W2963546708","https://openalex.org/W2970946347","https://openalex.org/W2996156127","https://openalex.org/W3003808604","https://openalex.org/W3005201159","https://openalex.org/W3034370310","https://openalex.org/W3111373706","https://openalex.org/W3129166376","https://openalex.org/W3158108632","https://openalex.org/W4240338048","https://openalex.org/W4287724856","https://openalex.org/W4287756623","https://openalex.org/W4297798428","https://openalex.org/W4301369226","https://openalex.org/W4320013936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W4317695495","https://openalex.org/W2280377497","https://openalex.org/W4387506531","https://openalex.org/W4238433571","https://openalex.org/W3174044702","https://openalex.org/W2967848559","https://openalex.org/W4283803360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Likelihood":[0],"of":[1,64,118],"generative":[2,32,49,139],"models":[3,157],"has":[4,167],"been":[5],"used":[6],"traditionally":[7],"as":[8,83],"a":[9,45,59,99,124,168],"score":[10,78,128],"to":[11,25,106,127,132],"detect":[12],"atypical":[13],"(Out-of-Distribution,":[14],"OOD)":[15],"inputs.":[16],"However,":[17],"several":[18],"recent":[19],"studies":[20],"have":[21],"found":[22],"this":[23,41],"approach":[24],"be":[26,81],"highly":[27],"unreliable,":[28],"even":[29],"with":[30,98,158,171],"invertible":[31,102,156],"models,":[33,103,140],"where":[34,72],"computing":[35,69,146],"the":[36,55,77,84,87,93,113,129],"likelihood":[37,147,161],"is":[38,74,151],"feasible.":[39],"In":[40,96],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,104],"present":[44],"different":[46],"framework":[47],"for":[48,138],"model--based":[50],"OOD":[51,135],"detection":[52,136],"that":[53,76],"employs":[54],"model":[56,114],"in":[57,68,92],"constructing":[58],"new":[60,94],"representation":[61],"space,":[62],"instead":[63],"using":[65,155],"it":[66,73,150,165],"directly":[67],"typicality":[70],"scores,":[71],"emphasized":[75],"function":[79],"should":[80],"interpretable":[82],"similarity":[85],"between":[86],"input":[88,119],"and":[89,116,121],"training":[90],"data":[91],"space.":[95],"practice,":[97],"focus":[100],"on":[101,112],"propose":[105],"extract":[107],"low-dimensional":[108],"features":[109],"(statistics)":[110],"based":[111],"encoder":[115],"complexity":[117],"images,":[120],"then":[122],"use":[123],"One-Class":[125],"SVM":[126],"data.":[130],"Contrary":[131],"recently":[133],"proposed":[134],"methods":[137],"our":[141],"method":[142],"does":[143],"not":[144],"require":[145],"values.":[148],"Consequently,":[149],"much":[152],"faster":[153],"when":[154],"iteratively":[159],"approximated":[160],"(e.g.":[162],"iResNet),":[163],"while":[164],"still":[166],"performance":[169],"competitive":[170],"other":[172],"related":[173],"methods.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
