{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188946793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","title":"Detecting Deepfake Videos with Temporal Dropout 3DCNN","display_name":"Detecting Deepfake Videos with Temporal Dropout 3DCNN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188946793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","mag":"3188946793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0178.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0178.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076296616","display_name":"Daichi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-964X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daichi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354338","display_name":"Chenyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-6276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025634807","display_name":"Fanzhao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0339-9400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanzhao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023724461","display_name":"Dan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1300-1769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University","School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033254559","display_name":"Shiming Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-310X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiming Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96573079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1288","last_page":"1294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.90846848487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8565167188644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.7822714447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7334777116775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7032024264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.651315450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5636441707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5028762221336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.500131368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4264027774333954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40269947052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33942723274230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.28902706503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10008859634399414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.90846848487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8565167188644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.7822714447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7334777116775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7032024264335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.651315450668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5636441707611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5028762221336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.500131368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4264027774333954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40269947052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33942723274230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28902706503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10008859634399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0178.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/178","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0178.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1185643434","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u9690\u7279\u5f81\u4fee\u590d\u906e\u6321\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u68c0\u6d4b","funder_award_id":"61772513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2756658477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z191100007119002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188946793.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188946793.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W2090285170","https://openalex.org/W2132805978","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2463071499","https://openalex.org/W2508429489","https://openalex.org/W2738082853","https://openalex.org/W2738406145","https://openalex.org/W2889677435","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2898877033","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2942074357","https://openalex.org/W2962934715","https://openalex.org/W2962958939","https://openalex.org/W2963092440","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2979980060","https://openalex.org/W2980459401","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034301684","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3034864980","https://openalex.org/W3036198682","https://openalex.org/W3083246145","https://openalex.org/W3118709007","https://openalex.org/W3123632567","https://openalex.org/W3133531029","https://openalex.org/W4236333462","https://openalex.org/W4288090950","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297809472","https://openalex.org/W4320013936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298017035","https://openalex.org/W3128220493","https://openalex.org/W2792147139","https://openalex.org/W3110700750","https://openalex.org/W2998675825","https://openalex.org/W4226354336","https://openalex.org/W4394636190","https://openalex.org/W2736804899","https://openalex.org/W2897443685","https://openalex.org/W4307654087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"the":[1,15,41,63,65,122,137,159],"abuse":[2],"of":[3,17,164],"deepfake":[4,18,60,147],"technology":[5],"has":[6],"brought":[7],"about":[8],"a":[9,50,71,76,97,113],"serious":[10],"impact":[11],"on":[12,30,151],"human":[13],"society,":[14],"detection":[16],"videos":[19],"is":[20,101,141],"still":[21],"very":[22],"challenging":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,39,58,82,103,145],"their":[26],"highly":[27],"photorealistic":[28],"synthesis":[29],"each":[31,108],"frame.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"that,":[35],"this":[36,135],"paper":[37],"aims":[38],"leverage":[40],"possible":[42],"inconsistent":[43],"cues":[44],"among":[45],"video":[46,72],"frames":[47,106],"and":[48,88,119,124,130,143,155,161],"proposes":[49],"Temporal":[51],"Dropout":[52],"3-Dimensional":[53,77],"Convolutional":[54,78],"Neural":[55,79],"Network":[56,80],"(TD-3DCNN)":[57],"detect":[59],"videos.":[61,148],"In":[62,134],"approach,":[64],"fixed-length":[66],"frame":[67],"volumes":[68],"sampled":[69],"from":[70],"are":[73,92],"fed":[74],"into":[75],"(3DCNN)":[81],"extract":[83],"features":[84],"across":[85],"different":[86],"scales":[87],"identified":[89],"whether":[90],"they":[91],"real":[93],"or":[94],"fake.":[95],"Especially,":[96],"temporal":[98],"dropout":[99],"operation":[100],"introduced":[102],"randomly":[104],"sample":[105],"in":[107],"batch.":[109],"It":[110],"serves":[111],"as":[112],"simple":[114],"yet":[115],"effective":[116,144],"data":[117],"augmentation":[118],"can":[120],"enhance":[121],"representation":[123],"generalization":[125,162],"ability,":[126],"avoiding":[127],"model":[128],"overfitting":[129],"improving":[131],"detecting":[132],"accuracy.":[133],"way,":[136],"resulting":[138],"video-level":[139],"classifier":[140],"accurate":[142],"identify":[146],"Extensive":[149],"experiments":[150],"benchmarks":[152],"including":[153],"Celeb-DF(v2)":[154],"DFDC":[156],"clearly":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"effectiveness":[160],"capacity":[163],"our":[165],"approach.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
