{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3192782181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","title":"Bipartite Matching for Crowd Counting with Point Supervision","display_name":"Bipartite Matching for Crowd Counting with Point Supervision","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3192782181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","mag":"3192782181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0119.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0119.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861886","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System Joint Laboratory of SGCC, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System Joint Laboratory of SGCC, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System Joint Laboratory of SGCC, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System Joint Laboratory of SGCC, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063969891","display_name":"Qiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031604002","display_name":"Yike Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5590-7973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yike Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028926076","display_name":"Feng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"860","last_page":"866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.729672372341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6390944123268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.6289694905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.619458019733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6082054972648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5794243216514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5205779671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4898192584514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48860031366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46581530570983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.44725140929222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4192594289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2222321331501007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.15452322363853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09865337610244751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.729672372341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6390944123268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.6289694905281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.619458019733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6082054972648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5794243216514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5205779671669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4898192584514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48860031366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46581530570983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44725140929222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4192594289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2222321331501007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.15452322363853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09865337610244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0119.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/119","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0119.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8136580744","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u611f\u77e5\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192782181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192782181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072232009","https://openalex.org/W2075875861","https://openalex.org/W2120815373","https://openalex.org/W2122243179","https://openalex.org/W2145983039","https://openalex.org/W2161841955","https://openalex.org/W2207893099","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2895051362","https://openalex.org/W2961566087","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2966271765","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2969620138","https://openalex.org/W2982007926","https://openalex.org/W2996703886","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3034785991","https://openalex.org/W3035307763","https://openalex.org/W3084883754","https://openalex.org/W3087861058","https://openalex.org/W3097305524","https://openalex.org/W3098866279","https://openalex.org/W3101165561","https://openalex.org/W3109157205","https://openalex.org/W3198843251","https://openalex.org/W4212775340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2371352078","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2953461625","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2077383796","https://openalex.org/W2080136900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"crowd":[1,69,192],"counting":[2,70],"task,":[3],"it":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"that":[8,183],"imposing":[9],"Gaussians":[10],"to":[11,20,54,91,109,146],"point":[12,22,40,73],"annotations":[13,23],"hurts":[14],"generalization":[15],"performance.":[16],"Several":[17],"methods":[18,42],"attempt":[19],"utilize":[21],"as":[24,160],"supervision":[25,74],"directly.":[26],"And":[27],"they":[28],"have":[29],"made":[30],"significant":[31],"improvement":[32],"compared":[33],"with":[34,71,119],"density-map":[35],"based":[36,41,66,104],"methods.":[37],"However,":[38],"these":[39],"ignore":[43],"the":[44,59,87,106,111,123,148,157,164,169,174],"inevitable":[45],"annotation":[46],"noises":[47],"and":[48,130,134,167,189],"still":[49],"suffer":[50],"from":[51,86],"low":[52],"robustness":[53],"noisy":[55,124],"annotations.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58,147],"problem,":[60],"we":[61,78,138],"propose":[62,139],"a":[63,80,140],"bipartite":[64,96],"matching":[65,107],"method":[67,127,185],"for":[68],"only":[72],"(BM-Count).":[75],"In":[76],"BM-Count,":[77],"select":[79],"subset":[81],"of":[82,152],"most":[83],"similar":[84],"pixels":[85,94],"predicted":[88],"density":[89],"map":[90,172],"match":[92],"annotated":[93,117],"via":[95],"matching.":[97],"Then":[98],"loss":[99],"functions":[100],"can":[101],"be":[102],"defined":[103],"on":[105,179],"pairs":[108],"alleviate":[110],"bad":[112],"effect":[113],"caused":[114],"by":[115,132],"those":[116],"dots":[118],"incorrect":[120],"positions.":[121],"Under":[122],"annotations,":[125],"our":[126,184],"reduces":[128],"MAE":[129],"RMSE":[131],"9%":[133],"11.2%":[135],"respectively.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"novel":[141],"ranking":[142,165],"distribution":[143,150,162],"learning":[144],"framework":[145],"imbalanced":[149],"problem":[151],"head":[153,158],"counts,":[154],"which":[155],"encodes":[156],"counts":[159],"classification":[161],"in":[163,173],"domain":[166],"refines":[168],"estimated":[170],"count":[171],"continuous":[175],"domain.":[176],"Extensive":[177],"experiments":[178],"four":[180],"datasets":[181],"show":[182],"achieves":[186],"state-of-the-art":[187],"performance":[188],"performs":[190],"better":[191],"localization.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
