{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035520602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","title":"Towards Making the Most of Context in Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Towards Making the Most of Context in Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035520602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","mag":"3035520602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0551.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0551.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033423455","display_name":"Zaixiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0717-505X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaixiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086600391","display_name":"Xiang Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-1685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102865824","display_name":"Shujian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-0832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427076","display_name":"Jiajun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038456766","display_name":"Alexandra Birch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Birch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3983","last_page":"3989"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8650425672531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7928844690322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.7828081250190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7741087675094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6906965970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6872264742851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6781198382377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5853428244590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.4274338483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.259394109249115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8650425672531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7928844690322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7828081250190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7741087675094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6906965970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6872264742851257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6781198382377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5853428244590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.4274338483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.259394109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0551.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/551","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0551.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2776926563","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631329898","display_name":"MTStretch: Low-resource Machine Translation","funder_award_id":"EP/S001271/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5359777945","display_name":"\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b66\u4e60\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6458387989","display_name":"Global Under-Resourced MEedia Translation","funder_award_id":"825299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7517328767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8381445544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U1836221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035520602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035520602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2608029998","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2799051177","https://openalex.org/W2808508619","https://openalex.org/W2891534142","https://openalex.org/W2952446148","https://openalex.org/W2962712961","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962802109","https://openalex.org/W2962943802","https://openalex.org/W2963842551","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W2964093087","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2964120396","https://openalex.org/W2964202354","https://openalex.org/W2964289193","https://openalex.org/W2970529093","https://openalex.org/W2971278086","https://openalex.org/W2971347700","https://openalex.org/W2987998469","https://openalex.org/W3102507836","https://openalex.org/W4300428972","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176018525","https://openalex.org/W2903533908","https://openalex.org/W2903810591","https://openalex.org/W4281476908","https://openalex.org/W3026554633","https://openalex.org/W2888520903","https://openalex.org/W2890256614","https://openalex.org/W3098873988","https://openalex.org/W2949454572","https://openalex.org/W3066373881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Document-level":[0],"machine":[1],"translation":[2],"manages":[3],"to":[4,16,72,75,93,102,130],"outperform":[5],"sentence":[6,50,105],"level":[7,108],"models":[8,44,124],"by":[9],"a":[10,28,37],"small":[11],"margin,":[12],"but":[13],"have":[14,157],"failed":[15],"be":[17,73,94],"widely":[18],"adopted.":[19],"We":[20,67,136],"argue":[21],"that":[22,42,114],"previous":[23,121,155],"research":[24],"did":[25],"not":[26],"make":[27],"clear":[29],"use":[30],"of":[31,48,54,58,82,128,144],"the":[32,45,52,55,59,70,142,148],"global":[33,56],"context,":[34],"and":[35,64,106,120],"propose":[36],"new":[38],"document-level":[39,122],"NMT":[40,123],"framework":[41],"deliberately":[43],"local":[46],"context":[47,57,145],"each":[49],"with":[51,77,125],"awareness":[53],"document":[60,107],"in":[61],"both":[62],"source":[63],"target":[65],"languages.":[66],"specifically":[68],"design":[69],"model":[71,92,116],"able":[74],"deal":[76],"documents":[78],"containing":[79],"any":[80],"number":[81],"sentences,":[83,153],"including":[84],"single":[85],"sentences.":[86],"This":[87],"unified":[88],"approach":[89],"allows":[90],"our":[91,115],"trained":[95],"elegantly":[96],"on":[97,104,133],"standard":[98],"datasets":[99],"without":[100],"needing":[101],"train":[103],"data":[109],"separately.":[110],"Experimental":[111],"results":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"outperforms":[117],"Transformer":[118],"baselines":[119],"substantial":[126],"margins":[127],"up":[129],"2.1":[131],"BLEU":[132],"state-of-the-art":[134],"baselines.":[135],"also":[137],"provide":[138],"analyses":[139],"which":[140,154],"show":[141],"benefit":[143],"far":[146],"beyond":[147],"neighboring":[149],"two":[150],"or":[151],"three":[152],"studies":[156],"typically":[158],"incorporated.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}