{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035729089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","title":"Generating Robust Audio Adversarial Examples with Temporal Dependency","display_name":"Generating Robust Audio Adversarial Examples with Temporal Dependency","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035729089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","mag":"3035729089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0438.pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0438.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109079305","display_name":"Hongting Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693197","display_name":"Pan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042277127","display_name":"Qiben Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiben Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University","Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405233","display_name":"Xiao-Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-1709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109079305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85282122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3167","last_page":"3173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8063886165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7797588109970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.7608295679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7514362335205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6161543726921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.5832473635673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5589823126792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5220270752906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.471591591835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.42995893955230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4201206862926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34592264890670776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8063886165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7797588109970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7608295679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7514362335205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6161543726921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.5832473635673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5589823126792908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5220270752906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.471591591835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42995893955230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4201206862926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34592264890670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0438.pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/438","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0438.pdf","source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5817064308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7393879419","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Small: URadio: Towards Secure Smart Home IoT Communication Using Hybrid Ultrasonic-RF Radio","funder_award_id":"1950171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035729089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035729089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W1434018057","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2108708552","https://openalex.org/W2255512638","https://openalex.org/W2486441166","https://openalex.org/W2520160253","https://openalex.org/W2751902866","https://openalex.org/W2767951891","https://openalex.org/W2770312844","https://openalex.org/W2892852825","https://openalex.org/W2898435086","https://openalex.org/W2962717526","https://openalex.org/W2962747881","https://openalex.org/W2963058500","https://openalex.org/W2963077926","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W4297818305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Audio":[0],"adversarial":[1,18,80,127],"examples,":[2],"imperceptible":[3],"to":[4,9,110],"humans,":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"constructed":[8],"attack":[10],"automatic":[11],"speech":[12],"recognition":[13],"(ASR)":[14],"systems.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,30,37,46,89,114,125,136,140],"examples":[19,128],"generated":[20,126],"by":[21,54,85],"existing":[22],"approaches":[23],"usually":[24],"incorporate":[25],"noticeable":[26],"noises,":[27],"especially":[28],"during":[29,113],"periods":[31],"of":[32,45],"silences":[33],"and":[34,119,134],"pauses.":[35],"Moreover,":[36],"added":[38],"noises":[39,133],"often":[40],"break":[41],"temporal":[42,72,90,141],"dependency":[43,73,91],"property":[44],"original":[47],"audio,":[48],"which":[49],"can":[50,129],"be":[51],"easily":[52],"detected":[53],"state-of-the-art":[55],"defense":[56],"mechanisms.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,104],"propose":[62],"a":[63,95,106],"new":[64],"Iterative":[65],"Proportional":[66],"Clipping":[67],"(IPC)":[68],"algorithm":[69],"that":[70,88,124],"preserves":[71],"in":[74,92],"audios":[75,93],"for":[76],"generating":[77],"more":[78],"robust":[79],"examples.":[81],"We":[82],"are":[83],"motivated":[84],"an":[86],"observation":[87],"imposes":[94],"significant":[96],"effect":[97],"on":[98,139],"human":[99],"perception.":[100],"Following":[101],"our":[102],"observation,":[103],"leverage":[105],"proportional":[107],"clipping":[108],"strategy":[109],"reduce":[111,131],"noise":[112],"low-intensity":[115],"periods.":[116],"Experimental":[117],"results":[118],"user":[120],"study":[121],"both":[122],"suggest":[123],"significantly":[130],"human-perceptible":[132],"resist":[135],"defenses":[137],"based":[138],"structure.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
