{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034822027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","title":"Learning From Multi-Dimensional Partial Labels","display_name":"Learning From Multi-Dimensional Partial Labels","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034822027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","mag":"3034822027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0407.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0407.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049707744","display_name":"Haobo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359534","display_name":"Weiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-3369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University","School of Computer Science, Wuhan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627030","display_name":"Yang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035912428","display_name":"Tianlei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-6454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianlei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649535","display_name":"Ke Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389286","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University","College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Computing Based Big Data of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049707744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82612381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2943","last_page":"2949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7757682800292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.7313344478607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5439789295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49242103099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.45208823680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-risk-minimization","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","score":0.43532052636146545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7757682800292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.7313344478607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5439789295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49242103099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.45208823680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107321475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374254","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","level":2,"score":0.43532052636146545}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0407.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/407","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0407.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3451989312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020C01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G812171734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034822027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034822027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607505555","https://openalex.org/W1563488833","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1984876737","https://openalex.org/W1992699959","https://openalex.org/W2065069176","https://openalex.org/W2113592823","https://openalex.org/W2125113417","https://openalex.org/W2132509897","https://openalex.org/W2137403181","https://openalex.org/W2138290126","https://openalex.org/W2144372981","https://openalex.org/W2155440340","https://openalex.org/W2158681777","https://openalex.org/W2291974250","https://openalex.org/W2620395638","https://openalex.org/W2743493499","https://openalex.org/W2757686304","https://openalex.org/W2766664691","https://openalex.org/W2783863635","https://openalex.org/W2787994297","https://openalex.org/W2808448059","https://openalex.org/W2903641274","https://openalex.org/W2905563251","https://openalex.org/W2963091836","https://openalex.org/W2963341628","https://openalex.org/W2964782060","https://openalex.org/W2997519153","https://openalex.org/W3024488967","https://openalex.org/W3035019293","https://openalex.org/W4213201446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-dimensional":[0],"classification":[1],"has":[2],"attracted":[3],"huge":[4],"attention":[5],"from":[6],"the":[7,44,60,72,93,126],"community.":[8],"Though":[9],"most":[10],"studies":[11],"consider":[12],"fully":[13,20],"annotated":[14],"data,":[15],"in":[16,23,52,77,100],"real":[17],"practice":[18],"obtaining":[19],"labeled":[21],"data":[22],"MDC":[24],"tasks":[25],"is":[26],"usually":[27],"intractable.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,90,107],"propose":[33],"a":[34,68],"novel":[35],"learning":[36],"paradigm:":[37],"MultiDimensional":[38],"Partial":[39],"Label":[40],"Learning":[41],"(MDPL)":[42],"where":[43],"ground-truth":[45],"labels":[46,74],"of":[47,98,128],"each":[48],"instance":[49],"are":[50,75],"concealed":[51],"multiple":[53],"candidate":[54,78],"label":[55,79],"sets.":[56],"We":[57],"first":[58],"introduce":[59],"partial":[61],"hamming":[62],"loss":[63,70],"for":[64,95],"MDPL":[65,99,110],"that":[66],"incurs":[67],"large":[69],"if":[71],"predicted":[73],"not":[76],"sets,":[80],"and":[81,103,122],"provide":[82],"an":[83],"empirical":[84],"risk":[85],"minimization":[86],"(ERM)":[87],"framework.":[88,116],"Theoretically,":[89],"rigorously":[91],"prove":[92],"conditions":[94],"ERM":[96,115],"learnability":[97],"both":[101,120],"independent":[102],"dependent":[104],"cases.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"present":[108],"two":[109],"algorithms":[111],"under":[112],"our":[113,129],"proposed":[114],"Comprehensive":[117],"experiments":[118],"on":[119],"synthetic":[121],"real-world":[123],"datasets":[124],"validate":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"proposals.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
