{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035070200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","title":"The Importance of the Test Set Size in Quantification Assessment","display_name":"The Importance of the Test Set Size in Quantification Assessment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035070200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","mag":"3035070200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0366.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0366.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040105615","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Gustavo Maletzke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-0670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193876067","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/05ne20t07","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193876067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020652664","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/049rrx986","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020652664"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Maletzke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Paran\u00e1 State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Paran\u00e1 State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020652664","https://openalex.org/I193876067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022103572","display_name":"Waqar Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-8249"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqar Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056306092","display_name":"Denis Dos Reis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis dos Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of S\u00e3o Paulo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029634834","display_name":"Gustavo Batista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Batista","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales","University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040105615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193876067","https://openalex.org/I3020652664"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82540204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2640","last_page":"2646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.7433478236198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7196388244628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6697654724121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6633742451667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantifier","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","score":0.6456670761108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.6231285333633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5728686451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48906856775283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4716341197490692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.42007073760032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34004032611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22046306729316711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.7433478236198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7196388244628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6697654724121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6633742451667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778523021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532504","display_name":"Quantifier (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6456670761108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.6231285333633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5728686451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48906856775283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4716341197490692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42007073760032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34004032611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22046306729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0366.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/366","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0366.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1950316668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3331681876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4273621698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PROEX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600047395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FAPESP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6331088306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"67/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6991610945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AID-OAA-F-16-00072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","funder_display_name":"United States Agency for International Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G819613458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G855971241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17/22896-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035070200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035070200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8190504","https://openalex.org/W1488030573","https://openalex.org/W1993451461","https://openalex.org/W2011616828","https://openalex.org/W2042295457","https://openalex.org/W2084933300","https://openalex.org/W2091118421","https://openalex.org/W2111084382","https://openalex.org/W2144074687","https://openalex.org/W2158243283","https://openalex.org/W2182886880","https://openalex.org/W2227677923","https://openalex.org/W2298860367","https://openalex.org/W2524454060","https://openalex.org/W2757560572","https://openalex.org/W2784045057","https://openalex.org/W2809060865","https://openalex.org/W2897178516","https://openalex.org/W2909647090","https://openalex.org/W2966214395","https://openalex.org/W2974133468","https://openalex.org/W3100055683","https://openalex.org/W4230403636","https://openalex.org/W4230674625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759379989","https://openalex.org/W2359046535","https://openalex.org/W2032208719","https://openalex.org/W2911665669","https://openalex.org/W1578347593","https://openalex.org/W2157959936","https://openalex.org/W2951600538","https://openalex.org/W2494429930","https://openalex.org/W4299641505","https://openalex.org/W2354233396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantification":[0],"is":[1,20],"a":[2,14,57,99,105,168,179],"task":[3],"similar":[4],"to":[5,50,157,182],"classification":[6],"in":[7,23,36],"the":[8,25,33,37,60,63,93,113,131,136,150,153,172,184,189,195],"sense":[9],"that":[10,56,79,118,163,192],"it":[11,76,91,111],"learns":[12],"from":[13],"labeled":[15],"training":[16],"set.":[17,39],"However,":[18],"quantification":[19,51,198],"not":[21],"interested":[22],"predicting":[24],"class":[26,34],"of":[27,62,95,115,133,135,152],"each":[28],"observation,":[29],"but":[30],"rather":[31],"measure":[32],"distribution":[35],"test":[38,64,87,100,123,154,174,190],"The":[40],"community":[41],"has":[42,70],"developed":[43],"performance":[44,170],"measures":[45],"and":[46],"experimental":[47,138],"setups":[48],"tailored":[49],"tasks.":[52],"Nonetheless,":[53],"we":[54],"argue":[55],"critical":[58],"variable,":[59],"size":[61,102,156,191],"sets,":[65],"remains":[66],"ignored.":[67],"Such":[68],"disregard":[69],"three":[71,143],"main":[72,144],"detrimental":[73],"effects.":[74],"First,":[75],"implicitly":[77],"assumes":[78],"quantifiers":[80,165],"will":[81],"perform":[82],"equally":[83],"well":[84],"for":[85,103,121],"different":[86,122],"set":[88,101,124,155],"sizes.":[89,125],"Second,":[90],"increases":[92],"risk":[94],"cherry-picking":[96],"by":[97],"selecting":[98],"which":[104],"particular":[106],"proposal":[107],"performs":[108],"best.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"disregards":[112],"importance":[114,151],"designing":[116],"methods":[117],"are":[119],"suitable":[120],"We":[126,147,161,177],"discuss":[127],"these":[128],"issues":[129],"with":[130,142],"support":[132],"one":[134],"broadest":[137],"evaluations":[139],"ever":[140],"performed,":[141],"outcomes.":[145],"(i)":[146],"empirically":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"assess":[158],"quantifiers.":[159],"(ii)":[160],"show":[162],"current":[164],"generally":[166],"have":[167],"mediocre":[169],"on":[171,188],"smallest":[173],"sets.":[175],"(iii)":[176],"propose":[178],"metalearning":[180],"scheme":[181],"select":[183],"best":[185,196],"quantifier":[186],"based":[187],"can":[193],"outperform":[194],"single":[197],"method.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}