{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035630868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","title":"Robustness of Autoencoders for Anomaly Detection Under Adversarial Impact","display_name":"Robustness of Autoencoders for Anomaly Detection Under Adversarial Impact","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035630868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","mag":"3035630868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0173.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0173.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058630644","display_name":"Adam Goodge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-7881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adam Goodge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","School of Computing, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065675832","display_name":"Bryan Hooi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-1754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Hooi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","School of Computing, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110918847","display_name":"See Kiong Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"See Kiong Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","School of Computing, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062405330","display_name":"Wee Siong Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Siong Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","School of Computing, National University of Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058630644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.314,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93514446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1244","last_page":"1250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8444493412971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8129725456237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8021889925003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7928022146224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7385581731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6937426924705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6343364715576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6253659129142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5717486143112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5304977893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.46818459033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44751688838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.385742723941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11202666163444519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8444493412971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8129725456237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8021889925003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928022146224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7385581731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6937426924705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6343364715576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6253659129142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5717486143112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5304977893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.46818459033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44751688838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.385742723941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11202666163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0173.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/173","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2020/0173.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035630868.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035630868.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51582649","https://openalex.org/W1513231349","https://openalex.org/W1517657450","https://openalex.org/W1554085250","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1876967670","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2104052971","https://openalex.org/W2127979711","https://openalex.org/W2134192056","https://openalex.org/W2186910770","https://openalex.org/W2275675895","https://openalex.org/W2337344967","https://openalex.org/W2552767274","https://openalex.org/W2585459224","https://openalex.org/W2743138268","https://openalex.org/W2785509559","https://openalex.org/W2786088545","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W2902455138","https://openalex.org/W2946160394","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W3153872861","https://openalex.org/W4293417080","https://openalex.org/W6630632610","https://openalex.org/W6791858558","https://openalex.org/W6863994431","https://openalex.org/W7016021835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W3186512740","https://openalex.org/W3194885736","https://openalex.org/W4363671829","https://openalex.org/W4285233543","https://openalex.org/W2806873178","https://openalex.org/W2965146396","https://openalex.org/W2770818364","https://openalex.org/W4312416532","https://openalex.org/W4230838436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"anomalies":[1],"is":[2],"an":[3,51,58,81],"important":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,21,24,42,67],"a":[7,127,172,179],"wide":[8],"variety":[9],"of":[10,70,91,114,120,135,176],"applications":[11],"and":[12],"domains.":[13],"Deep":[14],"learning":[15,34],"methods":[16,28,35],"have":[17,95],"achieved":[18],"state-of-the-art":[19],"performance":[20,119],"anomaly":[22,82,104],"detection":[23,83,105],"recent":[25],"years;":[26],"unsupervised":[27,103],"being":[29],"particularly":[30],"popular.":[31],"However,":[32],"deep":[33],"can":[36,47],"be":[37,48],"fragile":[38],"to":[39,53,102,145,182],"small":[40],"perturbations":[41],"the":[43,68,89,112,118,159],"input":[44],"data.":[45],"This":[46,61],"exploited":[49],"by":[50,188],"adversary":[52,142],"deliberately":[54],"hinder":[55],"model":[56],"performance;":[57],"adversarial":[59,115,152,186],"attack.":[60],"phenomena":[62],"has":[63],"been":[64,96],"widely":[65],"studied":[66],"context":[69],"supervised":[71],"image":[72],"classification":[73],"since":[74],"its":[75],"discovery,":[76],"however":[77],"such":[78,169],"studies":[79],"for":[80,192],"setting":[84],"are":[85,98],"sorely":[86],"lacking.":[87],"Moreover,":[88],"plethora":[90],"defense":[92],"mechanisms":[93],"that":[94],"proposed":[97],"often":[99],"not":[100],"applicable":[101],"models.":[106],"In":[107],"this":[108],"work,":[109],"we":[110,157],"study":[111],"effect":[113],"attacks":[116,138,170],"on":[117],"anomaly-detecting":[121],"autoencoders":[122],"using":[123],"real":[124],"data":[125],"from":[126],"Cyber":[128],"physical":[129,137],"system":[130],"(CPS)":[131],"testbed":[132],"with":[133],"intervals":[134],"controlled,":[136],"as":[139,149],"anomalies.":[140],"An":[141],"would":[143],"attempt":[144],"disguise":[146],"these":[147,177],"points":[148],"normal":[150],"through":[151],"perturbations.":[153],"To":[154],"combat":[155],"this,":[156],"propose":[158],"Approximate":[160],"Projection":[161],"Autoencoder":[162],"(APAE),":[163],"which":[164],"incorporates":[165],"two":[166],"defenses":[167],"against":[168],"into":[171],"general":[173],"autoencoder.":[174],"One":[175],"involves":[178],"novel":[180],"technique":[181],"improve":[183],"robustness":[184],"under":[185],"impact":[187],"optimising":[189],"latent":[190],"representations":[191],"better":[193],"reconstruction":[194],"outputs.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
