{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967655751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","title":"Multi-Class Learning using Unlabeled Samples: Theory and Algorithm","display_name":"Multi-Class Learning using Unlabeled Samples: Theory and Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967655751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","mag":"2967655751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0399.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0399.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735991","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659487","display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1862-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052305104","display_name":"Rong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1894-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442321","display_name":"Weiping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100735991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9124478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2880","last_page":"2886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.7433931231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7072281837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6387597918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6375523805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6112172603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-learning-theory","display_name":"Statistical learning theory","score":0.56709885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-class","display_name":"Concept class","score":0.5463784337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-complexity","display_name":"Sample complexity","score":0.5417855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.533863365650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.5327335000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4772486686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probably-approximately-correct-learning","display_name":"Probably approximately correct learning","score":0.46819978952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42196395993232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33972835540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.3306792974472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2596631646156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.06702804565429688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.7433931231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7072281837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6387597918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6375523805618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6112172603607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.573974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779915298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604400","display_name":"Statistical learning theory","level":3,"score":0.56709885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203313322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158394","display_name":"Concept class","level":2,"score":0.5463784337043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778445095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18354077","display_name":"Sample complexity","level":2,"score":0.5417855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.533863365650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5327335000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4772486686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176248197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458526","display_name":"Probably approximately correct learning","level":4,"score":0.46819978952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42196395993232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33972835540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.3306792974472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2596631646156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.06702804565429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0399.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/399","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0399.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G159345655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1000604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2195157959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"617033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3119611672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4811743277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5750351953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81100002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6721343884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7338044731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6167329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114646031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8455002899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6170339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335892","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967655751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967655751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131187193","https://openalex.org/W331145617","https://openalex.org/W583140124","https://openalex.org/W648260396","https://openalex.org/W1569616332","https://openalex.org/W1588401315","https://openalex.org/W1608733719","https://openalex.org/W1794760533","https://openalex.org/W1940008012","https://openalex.org/W2009784682","https://openalex.org/W2069735839","https://openalex.org/W2125993116","https://openalex.org/W2147433012","https://openalex.org/W2167665791","https://openalex.org/W2169171268","https://openalex.org/W2202374479","https://openalex.org/W2268245722","https://openalex.org/W2472087060","https://openalex.org/W2582845058","https://openalex.org/W2605034610","https://openalex.org/W2741623924","https://openalex.org/W2891124631","https://openalex.org/W2910032679","https://openalex.org/W2925201588","https://openalex.org/W2963218026","https://openalex.org/W2963495770","https://openalex.org/W3100743579","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293488590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005482365","https://openalex.org/W4224251733","https://openalex.org/W2016852016","https://openalex.org/W4320855563","https://openalex.org/W4385261314","https://openalex.org/W572997848","https://openalex.org/W1601120862","https://openalex.org/W2090559885","https://openalex.org/W2967655751","https://openalex.org/W2171660797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,13],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,21,33,54,63,70],"generalization":[6],"performance":[7],"of":[8,23],"multi-class":[9,38,50],"classification,":[10],"for":[11],"which":[12],"obtain":[14],"a":[15],"shaper":[16],"error":[17],"bound":[18],"by":[19],"using":[20],"notion":[22],"local":[24,55],"Rademacher":[25,56],"complexity":[26,57],"and":[27,58],"additional":[28],"unlabeled":[29],"samples,":[30],"substantially":[31],"improving":[32],"state-of-the-art":[34],"bounds":[35],"in":[36],"existing":[37],"learning":[39,43,51],"methods.":[40],"The":[41],"statistical":[42],"motivates":[44],"us":[45],"to":[46],"devise":[47],"an":[48],"efficient":[49],"framework":[52],"with":[53,62],"Laplacian":[59],"regularization.":[60],"Coinciding":[61],"theoretical":[64],"analysis,":[65],"experimental":[66],"results":[67],"demonstrate":[68],"that":[69],"stated":[71],"approach":[72],"achieves":[73],"better":[74],"performance.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}