{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964027122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","title":"The Dangers of Post-hoc Interpretability: Unjustified Counterfactual Explanations","display_name":"The Dangers of Post-hoc Interpretability: Unjustified Counterfactual Explanations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964027122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","mag":"2964027122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0388.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0388.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091912515","display_name":"Thibault Laugel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-3225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thibault Laugel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159731","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075900406","display_name":"Marie\u2010Jeanne Lesot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Jeanne Lesot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159731","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076504951","display_name":"Christophe Marsala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-9796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Marsala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159731","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036346725","display_name":"Xavier Renard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100579","display_name":"AXA (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/013z4qk72","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100579"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Renard","raw_affiliation_strings":["AXA, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AXA, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100579"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065404842","display_name":"Marcin Detyniecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100579","display_name":"AXA (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/013z4qk72","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100579"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Detyniecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["AXA, Paris, France","Polish Academy of Science, IBS PAN, Warsaw, Poland","Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AXA, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100579"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish Academy of Science, IBS PAN, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique de Paris 6, LIP6, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159731","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091912515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.84044364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94254269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2801","last_page":"2807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.9872632622718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9680905342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-hoc","display_name":"Post hoc","score":0.6754512786865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.565335750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-conditional","display_name":"Counterfactual conditional","score":0.5515548586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.35705286264419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33566659688949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-economics","display_name":"Positive economics","score":0.323408305644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.25431182980537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2411421239376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1590476632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06995195150375366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.9872632622718811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9680905342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992886853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18381816","display_name":"Post hoc","level":2,"score":0.6754512786865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.565335750579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71889745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783264","display_name":"Counterfactual conditional","level":3,"score":0.5515548586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.35705286264419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33566659688949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.323408305644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25431182980537415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2411421239376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1590476632118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06995195150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0388.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.09294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09294","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.09294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02275308v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02275308","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}, Aug 2019, Macao, Macau SAR China. pp.2801-2807, &#x27E8;10.24963/ijcai.2019/388&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.09294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.09294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2964027122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/388","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0388.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964027122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964027122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1918466020","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2122124659","https://openalex.org/W2150165932","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2441461845","https://openalex.org/W2528135682","https://openalex.org/W2556340658","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2765204106","https://openalex.org/W2803532212","https://openalex.org/W2804393646","https://openalex.org/W2809182405","https://openalex.org/W2809671526","https://openalex.org/W2901939789","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963441669","https://openalex.org/W2963673242","https://openalex.org/W3098155791","https://openalex.org/W3122175177","https://openalex.org/W6629251196","https://openalex.org/W6718572795","https://openalex.org/W6790825729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W3122175177","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962790223","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W3156102243","https://openalex.org/W3161875808","https://openalex.org/W3202973005","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2953945697","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2945295328","https://openalex.org/W2891340972","https://openalex.org/W3083544013","https://openalex.org/W3167817986","https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W3028847759","https://openalex.org/W3114925695","https://openalex.org/W3126483755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-hoc":[0],"interpretability":[1],"approaches":[2,115],"have":[3],"been":[4],"proven":[5],"to":[6,10,69,92,125],"be":[7,64,93],"powerful":[8],"tools":[9],"generate":[11],"explanations":[12,29,56],"for":[13,103],"the":[14,25,39,46,52,60,75,84,113],"predictions":[15,90],"made":[16],"by":[17,38,82],"a":[18,32],"trained":[19],"black-box":[20],"model.":[21],"However,":[22],"they":[23],"create":[24],"risk":[26,76,99],"of":[27,34,42,54,77,87,112],"having":[28],"that":[30,97,109],"are":[31,91],"result":[33],"some":[35,70],"artifacts":[36],"learned":[37],"model":[40],"instead":[41],"actual":[43],"knowledge":[44],"from":[45,120],"data.":[47,72],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"focuses":[50],"on":[51],"case":[53],"counterfactual":[55,80,122],"and":[57,95],"asks":[58],"whether":[59],"generated":[61],"instances":[62,88],"can":[63],"justified,":[65],"i.e.":[66],"continuously":[67],"connected":[68],"ground-truth":[71],"We":[73],"evaluate":[74],"generating":[78],"unjustified":[79,121],"examples":[81],"investigating":[83],"local":[85],"neighborhoods":[86],"whose":[89],"explained":[94],"show":[96,108],"this":[98],"is":[100],"quite":[101],"high":[102],"several":[104],"datasets.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"we":[107],"most":[110],"state":[111],"art":[114],"do":[116],"not":[117],"differentiate":[118],"justified":[119],"examples,":[123],"leading":[124],"less":[126],"useful":[127],"explanations.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
