{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964449891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","title":"Harnessing the Vulnerability of Latent Layers in Adversarially Trained Models","display_name":"Harnessing the Vulnerability of Latent Layers in Adversarially Trained Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964449891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","mag":"2964449891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0385.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0385.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000827309","display_name":"Nupur Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nupur Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Inc, Noida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Inc, Noida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746898","display_name":"Mayank Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Inc, Noida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Inc, Noida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101789171","display_name":"Abhishek Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-480X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Inc, Noida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Inc, Noida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059435437","display_name":"Harshitha Machiraju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshitha Machiraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Hyderabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Hyderabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081562101","display_name":"Balaji Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-536X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Inc, Noida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Inc, Noida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038020125","display_name":"Vineeth N Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-0375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vineeth N Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Hyderabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Hyderabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93293005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2779","last_page":"2785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9183363914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8630529642105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7520126104354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7222615480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.6372347474098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6073609590530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5941656827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5655827522277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5437712073326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4368312954902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.42319682240486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.41397565603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1752317249774933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9183363914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8630529642105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7520126104354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7222615480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.6372347474098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6073609590530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5941656827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5655827522277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5437712073326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4368312954902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.42319682240486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.41397565603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1752317249774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0385.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:raiith.iith.ac.in:5345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400292","display_name":"Research Archive of Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/385","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2019/0385.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964449891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964449891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2619479788","https://openalex.org/W2783784437","https://openalex.org/W2785755647","https://openalex.org/W2786104118","https://openalex.org/W2786163515","https://openalex.org/W2791953061","https://openalex.org/W2795725650","https://openalex.org/W2883285025","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2962761044","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963143631","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963440492","https://openalex.org/W2963496101","https://openalex.org/W2963744840","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964116600","https://openalex.org/W2964197269","https://openalex.org/W4289744111","https://openalex.org/W4293529028","https://openalex.org/W4293768783","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4300167250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973021803","https://openalex.org/W4288257096","https://openalex.org/W2969856101","https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W4313346231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"are":[2,83],"vulnerable":[3],"to":[4,16,33,47,66,73,86,112,144],"adversarial":[5,30,38,52,74,87,131,147,153],"attacks":[6,31,53],"-":[7],"small":[8,90],"visually":[9],"imperceptible":[10],"crafted":[11],"noise":[12],"which":[13,70,104,156],"when":[14],"added":[15],"the":[17,21,35,42,55,58,67,76,108,114,117,150,160],"input":[18,68],"drastically":[19],"changes":[20],"output.":[22],"The":[23],"most":[24],"effective":[25],"method":[26],"of":[27,37,57,79,89,106],"defending":[28],"against":[29,51,149],"is":[32,71,157],"use":[34],"methodology":[36],"training.":[39],"We":[40,120],"analyze":[41],"adversarially":[43,109],"trained":[44,110],"robust":[45,72,81],"models":[46,82,111],"study":[48],"their":[49],"vulnerability":[50],"at":[54,116],"level":[56],"latent":[59,77],"layers.":[60,119],"Our":[61],"analysis":[62],"reveals":[63],"that":[64],"contrary":[65],"layer":[69,78],"attack,":[75],"these":[80],"highly":[84],"susceptible":[85],"perturbations":[88],"magnitude.":[91],"Leveraging":[92],"this":[93],"information,":[94],"we":[95],"introduce":[96],"a":[97,126,136,145],"new":[98],"technique":[99],"Latent":[100,123],"Adversarial":[101],"Training":[102],"(LAT)":[103],"comprises":[105],"fine-tuning":[107],"ensure":[113],"robustness":[115],"feature":[118],"also":[121],"propose":[122],"Attack":[124],"(LA),":[125],"novel":[127],"algorithm":[128],"for":[129,159],"constructing":[130],"examples.":[132],"LAT":[133],"results":[134],"in":[135,139],"minor":[137],"improvement":[138],"test":[140],"accuracy":[141,148],"and":[142,165],"leads":[143],"state-of-the-art":[146],"universal":[151],"first-order":[152],"PGD":[154],"attack":[155],"shown":[158],"MNIST,":[161],"CIFAR-10,":[162],"CIFAR-100,":[163],"SVHN":[164],"Restricted":[166],"ImageNet":[167],"datasets.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
