{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2867696556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","title":"Affective Image Content Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Affective Image Content Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2867696556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","mag":"2867696556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0780.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0780.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051149140","display_name":"Sicheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sicheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057732142","display_name":"Guiguang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-9975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiguang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Tsinghua University, China","School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028597017","display_name":"Qingming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089404640","display_name":"Tat\u2010Seng Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat-Seng Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043060302","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn W. Schuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-8699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn W. Schuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047285420","display_name":"Kurt Keutzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-8501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Keutzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051149140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5534","last_page":"5541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7543017864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6416136026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5878899693489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5767067670822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5654311180114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5615224242210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4950105547904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.49225011467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47631391882896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4703305661678314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44073206186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3884125351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1618218719959259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7543017864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6416136026382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5878899693489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5767067670822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5654311180114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5615224242210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4950105547904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.49225011467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47631391882896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4703305661678314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44073206186294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3884125351905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1618218719959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0780.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/167409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/167409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:71770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/71770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"bookpart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/780","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0780.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1185667120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G187184461","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u68c0\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2285812868","display_name":"Automatic Sentiment Estimation in the Wild","funder_award_id":"645094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G267313036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61332016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3770199858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M610897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5574925684","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6197875348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61620106009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2867696556.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2867696556.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44741455","https://openalex.org/W1950412479","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1982696459","https://openalex.org/W1984354687","https://openalex.org/W1994852517","https://openalex.org/W2003856922","https://openalex.org/W2004236981","https://openalex.org/W2023736093","https://openalex.org/W2043037790","https://openalex.org/W2056553798","https://openalex.org/W2066454034","https://openalex.org/W2070148066","https://openalex.org/W2074356411","https://openalex.org/W2075456404","https://openalex.org/W2075953807","https://openalex.org/W2078833921","https://openalex.org/W2078861472","https://openalex.org/W2085940040","https://openalex.org/W2093862925","https://openalex.org/W2118526556","https://openalex.org/W2162092944","https://openalex.org/W2172197449","https://openalex.org/W2253891449","https://openalex.org/W2295328086","https://openalex.org/W2347880541","https://openalex.org/W2397331935","https://openalex.org/W2430424407","https://openalex.org/W2515036155","https://openalex.org/W2525668096","https://openalex.org/W2527200148","https://openalex.org/W2531468424","https://openalex.org/W2552066052","https://openalex.org/W2552972371","https://openalex.org/W2604773025","https://openalex.org/W2740046088","https://openalex.org/W2741561025","https://openalex.org/W2741630455","https://openalex.org/W2757389665","https://openalex.org/W2765354427","https://openalex.org/W2766251611","https://openalex.org/W2770912167","https://openalex.org/W2790763247","https://openalex.org/W2808081143","https://openalex.org/W2953116260","https://openalex.org/W2963062932","https://openalex.org/W2963992782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2081517010","https://openalex.org/W2121496884","https://openalex.org/W2387910809","https://openalex.org/W2294221496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Images":[0],"can":[1],"convey":[2],"rich":[3],"semantics":[4],"and":[5,49,82,94],"induce":[6],"strong":[7],"emotions":[8],"in":[9,68],"viewers.":[10],"Recently,":[11],"with":[12,40,54],"the":[13,36,58,84],"explosive":[14],"growth":[15],"of":[16],"visual":[17],"data,":[18],"extensive":[19],"research":[20,103],"efforts":[21],"have":[22,64],"been":[23,65],"dedicated":[24],"to":[25,42,57],"affective":[26,47],"image":[27],"content":[28],"analysis":[29],"(AICA).":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,99],"review":[35],"state-of-the-art":[37],"methods":[38],"comprehensively":[39],"respect":[41],"two":[43],"main":[44],"challenges":[45],"--":[46],"gap":[48],"perception":[50],"subjectivity.":[51],"We":[52,79],"begin":[53],"an":[55],"introduction":[56],"key":[59],"emotion":[60,88,92,95],"representation":[61],"models":[62],"that":[63],"widely":[66],"employed":[67],"AICA.":[69],"Available":[70],"existing":[71],"datasets":[72],"for":[73],"performing":[74],"evaluation":[75],"are":[76],"briefly":[77],"described.":[78],"then":[80],"summarize":[81],"compare":[83],"representative":[85],"approaches":[86],"on":[87],"feature":[89],"extraction,":[90],"personalized":[91],"prediction,":[93],"distribution":[96],"learning.":[97],"Finally,":[98],"discuss":[100],"some":[101],"future":[102],"directions.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
