{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741463157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","title":"The Hard Problems Are Almost Everywhere For Random CNF-XOR Formulas","display_name":"The Hard Problems Are Almost Everywhere For Random CNF-XOR Formulas","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741463157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","mag":"2741463157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0084.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081972748","display_name":"Jeffrey M. Dudek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-0320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey M. Dudek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University","Rice University, Houston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041528950","display_name":"Kuldeep S. Meel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep S. Meel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University","National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000059818","display_name":"Moshe Y. Vardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-5773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Y. Vardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University","Rice University, Houston, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12206049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"600","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xor-gate","display_name":"XOR gate","score":0.6411610841751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5848860740661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5203496813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5107722282409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.43534231185913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.4299989342689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37805473804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32690107822418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32461729645729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1298803985118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.07095840573310852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28495749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155516","display_name":"XOR gate","level":3,"score":0.6411610841751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5848860740661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5203496813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5107722282409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.43534231185913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.4299989342689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37805473804473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32690107822418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32461729645729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1298803985118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.07095840573310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0084.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1710.06378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.06378","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.06378","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2741463157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.06378.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.06378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.06378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/84","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0084.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G348646537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OCI-0959097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3629532673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1319459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4515317840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1527668","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4804800652","display_name":"SHF: Small: Pushing the Frontier of Linear-Time Model-Checking Technology","funder_award_id":"1319459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5788975623","display_name":"MRI-R2: Acquisition of Data Analysis and Visualization Cyber-Infrastructure for Computational Science and Engineering Applications(DAVinCI)","funder_award_id":"0959097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741463157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741463157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W723740","https://openalex.org/W117707387","https://openalex.org/W1549031924","https://openalex.org/W1561608403","https://openalex.org/W1606825810","https://openalex.org/W1607840088","https://openalex.org/W1620410031","https://openalex.org/W1968198053","https://openalex.org/W2063428816","https://openalex.org/W2069603099","https://openalex.org/W2097532582","https://openalex.org/W2236948976","https://openalex.org/W2572061353","https://openalex.org/W2605149087","https://openalex.org/W2953089152","https://openalex.org/W2962943581","https://openalex.org/W3103834525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964266055","https://openalex.org/W2982037632","https://openalex.org/W2125663207","https://openalex.org/W3102539212","https://openalex.org/W3023220896","https://openalex.org/W1572578702","https://openalex.org/W2100326222","https://openalex.org/W1794367353","https://openalex.org/W1656143853","https://openalex.org/W2807048152","https://openalex.org/W2952566635","https://openalex.org/W2543677345","https://openalex.org/W2123032878","https://openalex.org/W2080680013","https://openalex.org/W2558119813","https://openalex.org/W64805845","https://openalex.org/W2963804349","https://openalex.org/W204730059","https://openalex.org/W25899825","https://openalex.org/W1526394790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"universal-hashing":[1],"based":[2],"approaches":[3],"to":[4,110,119],"sampling":[5],"and":[6,27],"counting":[7],"crucially":[8],"depend":[9],"on":[10,17,54,68],"the":[11,21,40,44,81,86,92,111],"runtime":[12,45],"performance":[13],"of":[14,23,43,47,76,95],"SAT":[15,48,64,124],"solvers":[16,49],"formulas":[18,71,117],"expressed":[19],"as":[20,32],"conjunction":[22],"both":[24],"CNF":[25,116],"constraints":[26,30],"variable-width":[28],"XOR":[29],"(known":[31],"CNF-XOR":[33,56,70,98],"formulas).":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,89],"present":[39],"first":[41],"study":[42],"behavior":[46,112],"equipped":[50],"with":[51],"XOR-reasoning":[52],"techniques":[53],"random":[55,69,97,115],"formulas.":[57],"We":[58],"empirically":[59],"demonstrate":[60],"that":[61,91],"a":[62,73,96],"state-of-the-art":[63],"solver":[65],"scales":[66],"exponentially":[67],"across":[72],"wide":[74],"range":[75],"XOR-clause":[77,104],"densities,":[78],"peaking":[79],"around":[80],"empirical":[82],"phase-transition":[83],"location.":[84],"On":[85],"theoretical":[87],"front,":[88],"prove":[90],"solution":[93],"space":[94],"formula":[99],"'shatters'":[100],"at":[101],"all":[102],"nonzero":[103],"densities":[105],"into":[106],"well-separated":[107],"components,":[108],"similar":[109],"seen":[113],"in":[114],"known":[118],"be":[120],"difficult":[121],"for":[122],"many":[123],"algorithms.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
