{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741329287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","title":"Finding Prototypes of Answers for Improving Answer Sentence Selection","display_name":"Finding Prototypes of Answers for Improving Answer Sentence Selection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741329287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","mag":"2741329287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0573.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0573.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087210356","display_name":"Wai Lok Tam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai Lok Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Japan","Institution for a Global Society, Japan and National Institute of Informatics, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institution for a Global Society, Japan and National Institute of Informatics, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087793573","display_name":"Namgi Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namgi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Japan","The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096791838","display_name":"Juan Ignacio Navarro-Hor\u00f1iacek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Ignacio Navarro-Hor\u00f1iacek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Livesense Inc., Japan","National Institute of Informatics, Japan","The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","Livesense Inc., Japan; National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Livesense Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Livesense Inc., Japan; National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004444958","display_name":"Yusuke Miyao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","display_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","ror":"https://ror.org/0516ah480","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Miyao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Informatics, Japan","The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53799065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4103","last_page":"4108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8136776685714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7657743692398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6763656735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6700206995010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6485630869865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6444652676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6338497400283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6098185181617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6018481850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5727874040603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5304367542266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.48858675360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4503633975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.43518736958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4286009669303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4143528342247009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11060920357704163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136776685714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7657743692398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6763656735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6700206995010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6485630869865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6444652676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6338497400283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6098185181617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6018481850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5727874040603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5304367542266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.48858675360679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4503633975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.43518736958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4286009669303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4143528342247009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11060920357704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0573.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/573","pdf_url":"https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/0573.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741329287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2741329287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86010883","https://openalex.org/W1957644519","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2096765155","https://openalex.org/W2120735855","https://openalex.org/W2173361515","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251427843","https://openalex.org/W2251818205","https://openalex.org/W2264105282","https://openalex.org/W2469060249","https://openalex.org/W2538374209","https://openalex.org/W2539338396","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2950193743","https://openalex.org/W2964154091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W3134247745","https://openalex.org/W4226243593","https://openalex.org/W3172691639","https://openalex.org/W2963582704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Answer":[0],"sentence":[1],"selection":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"adopted":[6],"recently":[7],"for":[8,16,49,91],"benchmarking":[9],"techniques":[10],"in":[11,66,117],"Question":[12],"Answering.":[13],"Previous":[14],"proposals":[15],"the":[17,24,35,58,73],"task":[18],"are":[19,81,125],"essentially":[20],"general":[21],"solutions":[22],"taking":[23],"form":[25],"of":[26,45,75,112],"neural":[27,88,102],"networks":[28],"that":[29],"measure":[30],"semantic":[31,93],"similarity.":[32,94],"In":[33],"contrast,":[34],"present":[36],"paper":[37],"describes":[38],"a":[39,70],"simple":[40],"technique":[41,62,96],"to":[42,85],"take":[43],"advantage":[44],"such":[46],"general-purpose":[47],"tools":[48],"dealing":[50],"with":[51,69],"questions":[52,68,80],"and":[53,109,130],"answer":[54],"sentences":[55],"without":[56],"changing":[57],"base":[59],"system.":[60],"The":[61],"involves":[63],"replacing":[64],"wh-words":[65],"input":[67,84],"word":[71],"denoting":[72],"prototype":[74],"all":[76],"answers.":[77],"These":[78],"transformed":[79],"passed":[82],"as":[83],"an":[86],"existing":[87],"network":[89,103],"built":[90],"measuring":[92],"This":[95],"is":[97],"evaluated":[98],"on":[99],"two":[100,106],"different":[101],"architectures":[104],"over":[105],"datasets:":[107],"TrecQA":[108],"WikiQA.":[110],"Results":[111],"our":[113],"experiments":[114],"show":[115],"improvement":[116],"overall":[118],"accuracy":[119],"across":[120],"most":[121],"question":[122],"types":[123],"we":[124],"interested":[126],"in:":[127],"`who',":[128],"`when'":[129],"`where'-type":[131],"questions.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}