{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121952847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","title":"Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval Estimator","display_name":"Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval Estimator","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121952847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","mag":"2121952847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079415318","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 \u0141angowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-9753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["GB","PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 \u0141angowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Gdask University of Technology ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland,","Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","Department of Automatic Control, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Gdask University of Technology ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008116126","display_name":"Mietek A. Brdy\u015b","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["GB","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mietek Brdys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Gdask University of Technology ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland,","Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Gdask University of Technology ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079415318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911","https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"fwci":5.3655,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94802239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"199","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6997916102409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.5953661799430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5529475808143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine","display_name":"Chlorine","score":0.5446020364761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.52391517162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.5146259069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5063976049423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-variable","display_name":"State variable","score":0.4739637076854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4455415606498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval-estimation","display_name":"Interval estimation","score":0.4196665287017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3996683955192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3396757245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.3154943585395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19833150506019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06402838230133057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6997916102409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5953661799430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5529475808143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.5446020364761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.52391517162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.5146259069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5063976049423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.4739637076854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4455415606498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205167067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3300636","display_name":"Interval estimation","level":3,"score":0.4196665287017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3996683955192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3396757245063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3154943585395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19833150506019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06402838230133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.122.9941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.122.9941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/amc/amc17/amc1727.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f1121393-b796-4a03-97ec-a85967b73e76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/f1121393-b796-4a03-97ec-a85967b73e76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Langowski, R & Brdys, M 2007, 'Monitoring of chlorine concentration in drinking water distribution systems using an interval estimator', International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 199-216. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zbc.uz.zgora.pl:78649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zbc.uz.zgora.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=78649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400400","display_name":"Digital library of Zielona Gora (University of Zielona G\u00f3ra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","host_organization_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.amcs.uz.zgora.pl/?action=papers&issue=28","raw_type":"artyku\u0142"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0019-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121952847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121952847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W240844920","https://openalex.org/W569251787","https://openalex.org/W1519380846","https://openalex.org/W1537786506","https://openalex.org/W1573660682","https://openalex.org/W1654733076","https://openalex.org/W1851248039","https://openalex.org/W1975387411","https://openalex.org/W1981130663","https://openalex.org/W1986564346","https://openalex.org/W1992803451","https://openalex.org/W2038896747","https://openalex.org/W2041826815","https://openalex.org/W2045995080","https://openalex.org/W2047392895","https://openalex.org/W2052465957","https://openalex.org/W2067194398","https://openalex.org/W2073540225","https://openalex.org/W2074470528","https://openalex.org/W2084885497","https://openalex.org/W2092870717","https://openalex.org/W2093419229","https://openalex.org/W2093484645","https://openalex.org/W2140325612","https://openalex.org/W2155316063","https://openalex.org/W2334662654","https://openalex.org/W2725993693","https://openalex.org/W3149578739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W803217542","https://openalex.org/W2525669318","https://openalex.org/W1599455504","https://openalex.org/W1968104995","https://openalex.org/W2332747365","https://openalex.org/W4252172446","https://openalex.org/W2916843338","https://openalex.org/W4288573334","https://openalex.org/W3008542205","https://openalex.org/W3135157826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"of":[1,18,25,42,54,76],"Chlorine":[2],"Concentration":[3],"in":[4,30],"Drinking":[5],"Water":[6],"Distribution":[7],"Systems":[8],"Using":[9],"an":[10,19,85],"Interval":[11],"Estimator":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"describes":[15],"the":[16,23,50,55,68,77],"design":[17],"interval":[20,47],"observer":[21,81],"for":[22,73],"estimation":[24],"unmeasured":[26],"quality":[27],"state":[28,52],"variables":[29,53],"drinking":[31],"water":[32,56,78,87],"distribution":[33],"systems.":[34],"The":[35,58,80],"estimator":[36],"utilizes":[37],"a":[38],"set":[39],"bounded":[40],"model":[41],"uncertainty":[43],"to":[44,84],"produce":[45],"robust":[46],"bounds":[48,59],"on":[49],"estimated":[51],"quality.":[57,79],"are":[60],"generated":[61],"by":[62,94],"solving":[63],"two":[64],"differential":[65],"equations.":[66],"Hence":[67],"numerical":[69],"efficiency":[70],"is":[71,82,92],"sufficient":[72],"on-line":[74],"monitoring":[75],"applied":[83],"exemplary":[86],"network":[88],"and":[89],"its":[90],"performance":[91],"validated":[93],"simulations.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}