{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160845268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","title":"A Backstepping Approach to Ship Course Control","display_name":"A Backstepping Approach to Ship Course Control","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160845268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","mag":"2160845268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021174381","display_name":"Anna Witkowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125238","display_name":"Gdynia Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vscf791","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Witkowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gdask University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland","Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland","Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gdask University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013099333","display_name":"M. Tomera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-597X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125238","display_name":"Gdynia Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vscf791","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miroslaw Tomera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gdask University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland","Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland","Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gdask University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdask, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064992443","display_name":"Roman \u015amierzchalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125238","display_name":"Gdynia Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vscf791","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman \u015amierzchalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Control Engineering Faculty Gda\u0144sk University of Technology ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Electrical Engineering Faculty Gdynia Maritime University ul. Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013099333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911","https://openalex.org/I4210125238"],"apc_list":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":4080,"currency":"PLN","value_usd":1100},"fwci":6.1449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96229795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"73","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping","display_name":"Backstepping","score":0.9560897350311279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rudder","display_name":"Rudder","score":0.9322420358657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.749901533126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6514180898666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.6041989326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5680199265480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hull","display_name":"Hull","score":0.5377402901649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5065182447433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-control","display_name":"Nonlinear control","score":0.5031711459159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4663623571395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.41385766863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4037472903728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.31983858346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.23075300455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.09551072120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06623592972755432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72218879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759","display_name":"Backstepping","level":4,"score":0.9560897350311279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183776436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209760","display_name":"Rudder","level":2,"score":0.9322420358657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.749901533126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6514180898666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6041989326477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5680199265480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37423430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6750281","display_name":"Hull","level":2,"score":0.5377402901649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5065182447433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91581856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707001","display_name":"Nonlinear control","level":3,"score":0.5031711459159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4663623571395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.41385766863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4037472903728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.31983858346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.23075300455093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.09551072120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06623592972755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.390.8903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.390.8903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/amc/amc17/amc1717.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zbc.uz.zgora.pl:78637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zbc.uz.zgora.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=78637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400400","display_name":"Digital library of Zielona Gora (University of Zielona G\u00f3ra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I46305939","host_organization_name":"University of Zielona G\u00f3ra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46305939"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AMCS, volume 17, number 1 (2007)","raw_type":"artyku\u0142"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","pdf_url":"https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/v10006-007-0007-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117679522","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","issn_l":"1641-876X","issn":["1641-876X","2083-8492"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160845268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160845268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246813214","https://openalex.org/W657056421","https://openalex.org/W1520459220","https://openalex.org/W1548148540","https://openalex.org/W1977808185","https://openalex.org/W2018614743","https://openalex.org/W2024494042","https://openalex.org/W2054800242","https://openalex.org/W2084163350","https://openalex.org/W2090167557","https://openalex.org/W2098452091","https://openalex.org/W2108380954","https://openalex.org/W2108953054","https://openalex.org/W2120343748","https://openalex.org/W2123998235","https://openalex.org/W2130238423","https://openalex.org/W2139213541","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2148821382","https://openalex.org/W2153624611","https://openalex.org/W2154088208","https://openalex.org/W2157331901","https://openalex.org/W2157376747","https://openalex.org/W2170944339","https://openalex.org/W2172310360","https://openalex.org/W2179457994","https://openalex.org/W2477888563","https://openalex.org/W2623785075","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4232628855","https://openalex.org/W4240860403","https://openalex.org/W4249534223","https://openalex.org/W4301173492","https://openalex.org/W6621824554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365785480","https://openalex.org/W2393509435","https://openalex.org/W2170426841","https://openalex.org/W2787421421","https://openalex.org/W1522672041","https://openalex.org/W2558761218","https://openalex.org/W3160049227","https://openalex.org/W2028703166","https://openalex.org/W2172432712","https://openalex.org/W2148890862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Backstepping":[1],"Approach":[2],"to":[3,76,90,129,133],"Ship":[4],"Course":[5],"Control":[6],"As":[7],"an":[8],"object":[9],"of":[10,37,39,43,69,82,94,107,109,124],"course":[11,55,78],"control,":[12],"the":[13,27,31,35,40,44,58,83,92,95,110,121,146,153],"ship":[14,54,77],"is":[15,57,62,100,114,156],"characterised":[16],"by":[17],"a":[18,52,125,149],"nonlinear":[19,53,70,85,142],"function":[20],"describing":[21],"static":[22],"manoeuvring":[23],"characteristics":[24],"that":[25],"reflect":[26],"steady-state":[28],"relation":[29],"between":[30],"rudder":[32],"deflection":[33],"and":[34],"rate":[36],"turn":[38],"hull.":[41],"One":[42],"methods":[45],"which":[46,72],"can":[47],"be":[48,134],"used":[49,63,135],"for":[50,65,136,141],"designing":[51,66],"controller":[56,155],"backstepping":[59,147],"method.":[60],"It":[61],"here":[64],"two":[67],"configurations":[68],"controllers,":[71],"are":[73,88],"then":[74],"applied":[75],"control.":[79],"The":[80,98,105],"parameters":[81],"obtained":[84],"control":[86,96,112,150],"structures":[87],"tuned":[89],"optimise":[91],"operation":[93,108],"system.":[97],"optimisation":[99],"performed":[101,119],"using":[102,145],"genetic":[103],"algorithms.":[104],"quality":[106],"designed":[111,144],"algorithms":[113],"checked":[115],"in":[116],"simulation":[117],"tests":[118],"on":[120],"mathematical":[122],"model":[123],"tanker.":[126],"In":[127],"order":[128],"obtain":[130],"reference":[131],"results":[132],"comparison":[137],"with":[138,152],"those":[139],"recorded":[140],"controllers":[143],"method,":[148],"system":[151],"PD":[154],"examined":[157],"as":[158],"well.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
