{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046188601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","title":"The Price is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps","display_name":"The Price is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046188601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","mag":"3046188601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/popets-2020-0050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026114935","display_name":"Catherine Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , Berkeley","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","University of California, Berkeley,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012256449","display_name":"Irwin Reyes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irwin Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Two Six Labs / International Computer Science Institute","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","University of California, Berkeley,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Science Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040431181","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Feal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Feal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","University of California, Berkeley,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059746228","display_name":"Joel Reardon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9702-775X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Reardon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc ","University of California, Berkeley,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055234463","display_name":"Primal Wijesekera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Primal Wijesekera","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute / University of California , Berkeley","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","University of California, Berkeley,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California , Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016569835","display_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute/International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc ","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","University of California, Berkeley,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute/International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077155459","display_name":"Amit Elazari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Elazari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , Berkeley","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","University of California, Berkeley,","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009129262","display_name":"Kenneth A. Bamberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Bamberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California , Berkeley","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","University of California, Berkeley,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California , Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000020874","display_name":"Serge Egelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["CA","ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serge Egelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute / University of California , Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc","IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","IMDEA Networks Institute /","University of California, Berkeley,","Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California , Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute / Universidad Car-los III de Madrid,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science In-stitute / University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute /","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Two Six Labs / International Computer Sci-ence Institute,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute / University of California, Berkeley / AppCensus, Inc.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026114935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I168635309","https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95604754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":"3","first_page":"222","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.7506524324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.6911298036575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5921061038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.4998331069946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.480202317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.47394445538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.4491701126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-store","display_name":"App store","score":0.43868139386177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-app","display_name":"Smartphone app","score":0.435535728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37303656339645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36163485050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.3469979763031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.29768386483192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2893034517765045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12338736653327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0836147665977478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.7506524324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.6911298036575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5921061038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4998331069946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.480202317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.47394445538520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.4491701126098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814081","display_name":"App store","level":2,"score":0.43868139386177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017619522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone app","level":2,"score":0.435535728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37303656339645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36163485050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3469979763031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.29768386483192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2893034517765045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12338736653327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0836147665977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/popets-2020-0050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d80ba06f1f2e4882ae5f4a0a5d380eda","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d80ba06f1f2e4882ae5f4a0a5d380eda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Vol 2020, Iss 3, Pp 222-242 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4436082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4436082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/popets-2020-0050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124941384","https://openalex.org/W1812630525","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W2077202047","https://openalex.org/W2085955149","https://openalex.org/W2086893284","https://openalex.org/W2125475233","https://openalex.org/W2138788987","https://openalex.org/W2163241745","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2182909438","https://openalex.org/W2334842536","https://openalex.org/W2400269587","https://openalex.org/W2406564619","https://openalex.org/W2464930408","https://openalex.org/W2503245374","https://openalex.org/W2597857713","https://openalex.org/W2615679613","https://openalex.org/W2730608559","https://openalex.org/W2741704749","https://openalex.org/W2761748950","https://openalex.org/W2767115056","https://openalex.org/W2776806716","https://openalex.org/W2784134919","https://openalex.org/W2796498984","https://openalex.org/W2797009188","https://openalex.org/W2886583026","https://openalex.org/W2889033228","https://openalex.org/W2906862988","https://openalex.org/W2913823566","https://openalex.org/W2951035739","https://openalex.org/W2971165925","https://openalex.org/W3122064229","https://openalex.org/W4245027182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890710341","https://openalex.org/W785354139","https://openalex.org/W3035615288","https://openalex.org/W3044207086","https://openalex.org/W2741784227","https://openalex.org/W2334668187","https://openalex.org/W184881239","https://openalex.org/W2022990508","https://openalex.org/W3007331744","https://openalex.org/W2646326259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,122],"commonly":[3],"assumed":[4],"that":[5,17,108,126,142,158,197,220,237,243],"\u201cfree\u201d":[6],"mobile":[7],"apps":[8,20,47,77,112,202,223],"come":[9],"at":[10,147],"the":[11,35,42,143,161,167,178,184,189,200,206,232,241,248],"cost":[12],"of":[13,37,45,74,160,166,177,183,199,205,222,240],"consumer":[14,56],"privacy":[15,43,89,118,228],"and":[16,28,48,60,67,78,88,106,117,175,210,236,250],"paying":[18,127],"for":[19,82,97,128],"could":[21],"offer":[22],"consumers":[23,109],"protection":[24,134],"from":[25,135],"behavioral":[26],"advertising":[27],"long-term":[29],"tracking.":[30],"This":[31],"work":[32],"empirically":[33],"evaluates":[34],"validity":[36],"this":[38],"assumption":[39],"by":[40,188],"comparing":[41],"practices":[44,87],"free":[46,59,75,144,173,190,215,249],"their":[49,79,172,214],"paid":[50,61,80,98,111,162,179,201,251],"premium":[51],"versions,":[52,174],"while":[53],"also":[54],"gauging":[55],"expectations":[57,96],"surrounding":[58],"apps.":[62],"We":[63],"use":[64],"both":[65],"static":[66],"dynamic":[68,194],"analysis":[69,195],"to":[70,113],"examine":[71],"5,877":[72],"pairs":[73,242],"Android":[76],"counterparts":[81],"differences":[83,246],"in":[84,139,231],"data":[85,137,208],"collection":[86,138,209],"policies":[90],"between":[91,247],"pairs.":[92],"To":[93],"understand":[94],"user":[95],"apps,":[99],"we":[100,156,218],"conducted":[101],"a":[102,227],"998-participant":[103],"online":[104],"survey":[105],"found":[107,219],"expect":[110],"have":[114,226],"better":[115],"security":[116],"behaviors.":[119],"However,":[120],"there":[121],"no":[123],"clear":[124],"evidence":[125],"an":[129],"app":[130],"will":[131],"actually":[132],"guarantee":[133],"extensive":[136],"practice.":[140],"Given":[141],"version":[145],"had":[146,181],"least":[148],"one":[149],"thirdparty":[150],"library":[151],"or":[152],"dangerous":[153,185],"permission,":[154],"respectively,":[155],"discovered":[157],"45%":[159],"versions":[163,180],"reused":[164],"all":[165,182,204],"same":[168,207],"third-party":[169],"libraries":[170],"as":[171,213],"74%":[176],"permissions":[186],"held":[187],"app.":[191],"Likewise,":[192],"our":[193],"revealed":[196],"32%":[198],"exhibit":[203],"transmission":[211],"behaviors":[212],"counterparts.":[216],"Finally,":[217],"40%":[221],"did":[224,244],"not":[225],"policy":[229],"link":[230],"Google":[233],"Play":[234],"Store":[235],"only":[238],"3.7%":[239],"reflected":[245],"versions.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}