{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136195326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","title":"Male, Female, and Nonbinary Differences in UK Twitter Self-descriptions: A Fine-grained Systematic Exploration","display_name":"Male, Female, and Nonbinary Differences in UK Twitter Self-descriptions: A Fine-grained Systematic Exploration","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136195326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","mag":"3136195326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801193","display_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","issn_l":"2096-157X","issn":["2096-157X","2543-683X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311940","host_organization_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034823602","display_name":"Mike Thelwall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-205X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mike Thelwall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-205X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024749238","display_name":"Saheeda Thelwall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saheeda Thelwall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089183910","display_name":"Ruth Fairclough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-5307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Fairclough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group , University of Wolverhampton , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034823602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9658,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90276741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.6372979879379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.6077122688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5299704074859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5059072375297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.46867188811302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.46614328026771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.42481905221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity-theory","display_name":"Social identity theory","score":0.4246004819869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.28888970613479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-group","display_name":"Social group","score":0.2708292305469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.14621716737747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12266209721565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.12020248174667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09602493047714233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6372979879379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.6077122688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5299704074859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5059072375297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.46867188811302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.46614328026771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42481905221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.4246004819869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28888970613479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.2708292305469513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.14621716737747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12266209721565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.12020248174667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09602493047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801193","display_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","issn_l":"2096-157X","issn":["2096-157X","2543-683X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311940","host_organization_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98130dba052b4c339dc18b7cafcf9f6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98130dba052b4c339dc18b7cafcf9f6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 1-27 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wlv.openrepository.com:2436/623922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2436/623922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401000","display_name":"Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","host_organization_name":"University of Wolverhampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/jdis-2021-0018","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801193","display_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","issn_l":"2096-157X","issn":["2096-157X","2543-683X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311940","host_organization_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Data and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136195326.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136195326.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W338199603","https://openalex.org/W1525564204","https://openalex.org/W1582260509","https://openalex.org/W1966202681","https://openalex.org/W1977670713","https://openalex.org/W1984545524","https://openalex.org/W1990062627","https://openalex.org/W1993211507","https://openalex.org/W1995632010","https://openalex.org/W1997319562","https://openalex.org/W2001291637","https://openalex.org/W2010502624","https://openalex.org/W2014764430","https://openalex.org/W2021709288","https://openalex.org/W2027050656","https://openalex.org/W2030087803","https://openalex.org/W2044950274","https://openalex.org/W2049376545","https://openalex.org/W2049703380","https://openalex.org/W2051405067","https://openalex.org/W2061462521","https://openalex.org/W2081852155","https://openalex.org/W2087544211","https://openalex.org/W2091153842","https://openalex.org/W2097780248","https://openalex.org/W2099713314","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2112663046","https://openalex.org/W2119595472","https://openalex.org/W2122305905","https://openalex.org/W2130422121","https://openalex.org/W2141148305","https://openalex.org/W2157102566","https://openalex.org/W2159855467","https://openalex.org/W2184185320","https://openalex.org/W2198526875","https://openalex.org/W2233865108","https://openalex.org/W2254353856","https://openalex.org/W2289526440","https://openalex.org/W2307201165","https://openalex.org/W2472368377","https://openalex.org/W2474172099","https://openalex.org/W2506028697","https://openalex.org/W2520922384","https://openalex.org/W2564033152","https://openalex.org/W2564851358","https://openalex.org/W2588917609","https://openalex.org/W2612516113","https://openalex.org/W2695222792","https://openalex.org/W2735025724","https://openalex.org/W2760255222","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2769463219","https://openalex.org/W2773340376","https://openalex.org/W2788906668","https://openalex.org/W2790894048","https://openalex.org/W2791125484","https://openalex.org/W2795501687","https://openalex.org/W2796100237","https://openalex.org/W2803229689","https://openalex.org/W2905801917","https://openalex.org/W2912630516","https://openalex.org/W2922712531","https://openalex.org/W2952099552","https://openalex.org/W2955662239","https://openalex.org/W2961388998","https://openalex.org/W2970096390","https://openalex.org/W2970163565","https://openalex.org/W2971563760","https://openalex.org/W2971881481","https://openalex.org/W3024254756","https://openalex.org/W3048760725","https://openalex.org/W3115919193","https://openalex.org/W3127198517","https://openalex.org/W4238763269","https://openalex.org/W4245027910","https://openalex.org/W4247803259","https://openalex.org/W4285529654","https://openalex.org/W6670845526","https://openalex.org/W6852839900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2593155302","https://openalex.org/W2041415459","https://openalex.org/W2072812638","https://openalex.org/W3126095231","https://openalex.org/W2352855287","https://openalex.org/W2378906650","https://openalex.org/W2384288445","https://openalex.org/W2382526412","https://openalex.org/W2494890564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose":[1],"Although":[2],"gender":[3,43,150,176,181,199],"identities":[4],"influence":[5],"how":[6],"people":[7],"present":[8],"themselves":[9],"on":[10],"social":[11,185,207],"media,":[12],"previous":[13],"studies":[14],"have":[15],"tested":[16],"pre-specified":[17],"dimensions":[18],"of":[19,61,198],"difference,":[20],"potentially":[21],"overlooking":[22],"other":[23],"differences":[24,44,67,98,177,201],"and":[25,54,73,92,112,120,124,149,168,183,188],"ignoring":[26],"nonbinary":[27,55,171],"users.":[28],"Design/methodology/approach":[29],"Word":[30],"association":[31],"thematic":[32,77],"analysis":[33,78],"was":[34],"used":[35],"to":[36],"systematically":[37,64],"check":[38],"for":[39,205],"fine-grained":[40],"statistically":[41],"significant":[42],"in":[45,57,90,93,99],"Twitter":[46],"profile":[47],"descriptions":[48],"between":[49],"409,487":[50],"UK-based":[51],"female,":[52],"male,":[53],"users":[56],"2020.":[58],"A":[59],"series":[60],"statistical":[62],"tests":[63],"identified":[65],"1,474":[66],"at":[68],"the":[69],"individual":[70],"word":[71],"level,":[72],"a":[74,194],"follow":[75],"up":[76],"grouped":[79],"these":[80],"words":[81],"into":[82],"themes.":[83],"Findings":[84],"The":[85,161,175,191],"results":[86,192],"reflect":[87],"offline":[88],"variations":[89],"interests":[91],"jobs.":[94],"They":[95],"also":[96],"show":[97,193],"personal":[100,134],"disclosures,":[101],"as":[102],"reflected":[103],"by":[104,165],"words,":[105],"with":[106],"females":[107],"mentioning":[108],"qualifications,":[109],"relationships,":[110],"pets,":[111],"illnesses":[113],"much":[114,195],"more,":[115,119],"nonbinaries":[116],"discussing":[117],"sexuality":[118],"males":[121],"declaring":[122],"political":[123],"sports":[125],"affiliations":[126],"more.":[127],"Other":[128],"themes":[129],"were":[130],"internally":[131],"imbalanced,":[132],"including":[133],"appearance":[135],"(e.g.":[136,142,152],"male:":[137,143,153],"beardy;":[138],"female:":[139,147,157],"redhead),":[140],"self-evaluations":[141],"legend;":[144],"nonbinary:":[145,155],"witch;":[146],"feisty),":[148],"identity":[151],"dude;":[154],"enby;":[156],"queen).":[158],"Research":[159],"limitations":[160],"methods":[162],"are":[163],"affected":[164],"linguistic":[166],"styles":[167],"probably":[169],"under-report":[170],"differences.":[172],"Practical":[173],"implications":[174],"found":[178],"may":[179],"inform":[180],"theory,":[182],"aid":[184],"web":[186],"communicators":[187],"marketers.":[189],"Originality/value":[190],"wider":[196],"range":[197],"expression":[200],"than":[202],"previously":[203],"acknowledged":[204],"any":[206],"media":[208],"site.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}
