{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412189819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","title":"NEST: A Novel Ensemble Method for Estimating Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters Using Inertial Measurement Units","display_name":"NEST: A Novel Ensemble Method for Estimating Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters Using Inertial Measurement Units","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412189819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223945","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","issn_l":"2083-2567","issn":["2083-2567","2449-6499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317241","host_organization_name":"Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317241"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112557986","display_name":"Chih-Chao Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chao Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2343-6409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044420168","display_name":"Hsu-Chao Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9690-8461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu-Chao Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9690-8461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095373846","display_name":"Guan-Yi Jhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Yi Jhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9912-9336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059752721","display_name":"Jiun\u2010Long Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiun-Long Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science , National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu city 300093 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678084","display_name":"Jun-Zhe Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology , No. 123, Section 3, Daxue Road, Yunlin county 640301 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6102-448X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology , No. 123, Section 3, Daxue Road, Yunlin county 640301 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112557986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79850358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"319","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stride","display_name":"STRIDE","score":0.7697732448577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7494252920150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6778814792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.672799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5484097003936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5328372716903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.48619669675827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.43958407640457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3714424967765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3636817932128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2601948082447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21286138892173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.08148926496505737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.7697732448577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7494252920150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6778814792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.672799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5484097003936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5328372716903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.48619669675827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.43958407640457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3714424967765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3636817932128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2601948082447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21286138892173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.08148926496505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223945","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","issn_l":"2083-2567","issn":["2083-2567","2449-6499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317241","host_organization_name":"Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317241"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2025-0016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223945","display_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","issn_l":"2083-2567","issn":["2083-2567","2449-6499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317241","host_organization_name":"Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317241"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Neural Network Society, the University of Social Sciences in Lodz & Czestochowa University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1569179667","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1979899459","https://openalex.org/W1981576820","https://openalex.org/W2070425656","https://openalex.org/W2096045964","https://openalex.org/W2098949123","https://openalex.org/W2105382574","https://openalex.org/W2106226434","https://openalex.org/W2118724979","https://openalex.org/W2164104048","https://openalex.org/W2519457600","https://openalex.org/W2520323573","https://openalex.org/W2773648525","https://openalex.org/W2792741345","https://openalex.org/W2802305647","https://openalex.org/W2887176022","https://openalex.org/W2902156989","https://openalex.org/W2908447216","https://openalex.org/W2912791673","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2969255950","https://openalex.org/W2988019621","https://openalex.org/W3004932946","https://openalex.org/W3010392898","https://openalex.org/W3048912365","https://openalex.org/W3101801952","https://openalex.org/W3102889971","https://openalex.org/W3120042262","https://openalex.org/W3129348162","https://openalex.org/W3152695604","https://openalex.org/W3186203940","https://openalex.org/W3193894556","https://openalex.org/W3196985869","https://openalex.org/W3199585485","https://openalex.org/W3204717737","https://openalex.org/W4285104779","https://openalex.org/W4297855435","https://openalex.org/W4312559890","https://openalex.org/W4386025646","https://openalex.org/W4386737405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967422967","https://openalex.org/W4401591235","https://openalex.org/W2794169986","https://openalex.org/W2133973503","https://openalex.org/W2029881158","https://openalex.org/W3196140453","https://openalex.org/W2471060339","https://openalex.org/W4244061106","https://openalex.org/W3044242125","https://openalex.org/W2978426962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurately":[1],"estimating":[2],"spatio-temporal":[3,33,94],"gait":[4,34,59,83,95,174],"parameters":[5,35,60,84],"such":[6],"as":[7],"stride":[8,10,17],"height,":[9],"length,":[11],"stance":[12],"time,":[13,15],"swing":[14],"and":[16,24,53,106,131,150,186],"speed,":[18],"is":[19],"crucial":[20],"for":[21,77,81,86],"sports":[22],"medicine":[23],"preventive":[25],"healthcare.":[26],"To":[27],"enable":[28],"users":[29],"to":[30,43,56,62,122,124,180,191],"measure":[31],"their":[32],"in":[36,50,200],"real-life":[37],"scenarios,":[38],"several":[39],"existing":[40],"studies":[41],"propose":[42],"install":[44],"one":[45],"inertial":[46],"measurement":[47,89],"unit":[48],"(IMU)":[49],"each":[51],"shoe,":[52],"design":[54],"methods":[55],"estimate":[57],"these":[58,129],"according":[61],"the":[63,87,91,126,132,145,171,182],"readings":[64],"of":[65,90,99,148,184],"IMUs.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"this":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"a":[71,100,107,140],"novel":[72],"ensemble":[73],"method,":[74],"NEST":[75,97,137,185,195],"(standing":[76],"Novel":[78],"Ensemble":[79],"method":[80],"Spatio-Temporal":[82],"measurement),":[85],"multi-task":[88],"aforementioned":[92],"five":[93],"parameters.":[96,175,207],"consists":[98],"K-Nearest":[101],"Neighbor":[102],"(KNN)":[103],"regressor":[104,113],"branch":[105,114,157],"deep":[108,155],"learning":[109,156],"branch.":[110],"The":[111,154],"KNN":[112],"provides":[115],"initial":[116],"estimates,":[117],"allowing":[118],"other":[119,187],"neural":[120],"networks":[121],"learn":[123],"reduce":[125],"residual":[127],"between":[128],"estimates":[130],"ground":[133],"truths.":[134],"This":[135],"helps":[136],"rapidly":[138],"identify":[139],"good":[141],"optimization":[142],"direction":[143],"during":[144],"early":[146],"stage":[147],"fine-tuning":[149],"expedite":[151],"convergence":[152],"speed.":[153],"facilitates":[158],"information":[159],"sharing":[160],"among":[161,173],"multiple":[162],"task-specific":[163],"representations":[164],"through":[165],"fully-connected":[166],"layers":[167],",":[168],"effectively":[169],"preserving":[170],"interdependencies":[172],"Several":[176],"experiments":[177],"are":[178],"conducted":[179],"evaluate":[181],"performance":[183],"prior":[188,192],"methods.":[189],"Compared":[190],"handcrafted-statistics-based":[193],"methods,":[194],"demonstrates":[196],"over":[197],"65.1%":[198],"improvement":[199],"RMSE":[201],"(Root-Mean-Square":[202],"Error)":[203],"when":[204],"predicting":[205],"spatial":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T06:04:38.248271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}