{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974525761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","title":"Energy Cost of Running Under Hypogravity in Well-Trained Runners and Triathletes: A Biomechanical Perspective","display_name":"Energy Cost of Running Under Hypogravity in Well-Trained Runners and Triathletes: A Biomechanical Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974525761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","mag":"2974525761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193852","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","issn_l":"1684-4769","issn":["1684-4769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057086474","display_name":"Olaf Uebersch\u00e4r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151080","display_name":"Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal","ror":"https://ror.org/04vjfp916","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151080"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"O. Uebersch\u00e4r","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences ; Magdeburg , Germany","Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany; Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences ; Magdeburg , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences ; Magdeburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany; Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences ; Magdeburg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005947098","display_name":"Daniel Fleckenstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Fleckenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Athletics Association ; Dortmund, Leipzig , Darmstadt, Germany","Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","German Athletics Association ; Dortmund, Leipzig , Darmstadt, Germany; Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Athletics Association ; Dortmund, Leipzig , Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Athletics Association ; Dortmund, Leipzig , Darmstadt, Germany; Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008752261","display_name":"Frank Warschun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9297-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Warschun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087897330","display_name":"Nico Walter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107894848","display_name":"Jan W\u00fcstenfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. W\u00fcstenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Medicine , Humboldt University / Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin , Berlin","Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Medicine , Humboldt University / Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin , Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078107386","display_name":"Bernd Wolfarth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-3003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120885","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmvby88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Wolfarth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Medicine , Humboldt University / Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin , Berlin","Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Medicine , Humboldt University / Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin , Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT) ; Leipzig , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101871126","display_name":"Matthias Hoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135668","display_name":"Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck","ror":"https://ror.org/04dc9g452","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135668"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. Hoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Movement and Training Science , University of Wuppertal ; Wuppertal , Germany","Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery , Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck GmbH ; Osnabr\u00fcck , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Movement and Training Science , University of Wuppertal ; Wuppertal , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery , Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck GmbH ; Osnabr\u00fcck , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057086474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120885","https://openalex.org/I4210151080"],"apc_list":{"value":210,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":226},"apc_paid":{"value":210,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":226},"fwci":0.5796,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66812711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"60","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-expenditure","display_name":"Energy expenditure","score":0.5816284418106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treadmill","display_name":"Treadmill","score":0.567405104637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-exercise","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","score":0.5263375639915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-cost","display_name":"Energy cost","score":0.5040916204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletes","display_name":"Athletes","score":0.4609537422657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaps","display_name":"LEAPS","score":0.4415471851825714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.43980398774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43561428785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.4326792061328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.41597023606300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3759995698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.24812939763069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1763571798801422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15317335724830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11529093980789185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988147884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377024","display_name":"Energy expenditure","level":2,"score":0.5816284418106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781464450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839144","display_name":"Treadmill","level":2,"score":0.567405104637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.5263375639915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019966295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341368","display_name":"Energy cost","level":2,"score":0.5040916204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.4609537422657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777705401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6457570","display_name":"LEAPS","level":2,"score":0.4415471851825714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.43980398774147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43561428785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4326792061328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.41597023606300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3759995698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.24812939763069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1763571798801422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15317335724830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11529093980789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193852","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","issn_l":"1684-4769","issn":["1684-4769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ef0f4f673eb4976be2efec5fdcb9f55","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ef0f4f673eb4976be2efec5fdcb9f55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport, Vol 18, Iss 2, Pp 60-80 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193852","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","issn_l":"1684-4769","issn":["1684-4769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974525761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974525761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120288851","https://openalex.org/W1463302846","https://openalex.org/W1981601866","https://openalex.org/W1982286843","https://openalex.org/W1984146517","https://openalex.org/W1995997011","https://openalex.org/W1999866334","https://openalex.org/W2006364011","https://openalex.org/W2014067470","https://openalex.org/W2031069974","https://openalex.org/W2034493967","https://openalex.org/W2035032359","https://openalex.org/W2054715513","https://openalex.org/W2055566656","https://openalex.org/W2065135511","https://openalex.org/W2122452833","https://openalex.org/W2122464112","https://openalex.org/W2163140107","https://openalex.org/W2166690729","https://openalex.org/W2181214481","https://openalex.org/W2187703932","https://openalex.org/W2288250754","https://openalex.org/W2306674308","https://openalex.org/W2401341219","https://openalex.org/W2460071393","https://openalex.org/W2562261801","https://openalex.org/W2755391116","https://openalex.org/W2769984552","https://openalex.org/W2793332232","https://openalex.org/W2887238543","https://openalex.org/W2890192038","https://openalex.org/W2892281805","https://openalex.org/W2951628237","https://openalex.org/W2953929830","https://openalex.org/W2954096390","https://openalex.org/W2990193279","https://openalex.org/W3104444504","https://openalex.org/W4239657657","https://openalex.org/W4292492493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027473317","https://openalex.org/W2021573609","https://openalex.org/W2621877242","https://openalex.org/W2036623705","https://openalex.org/W2162890423","https://openalex.org/W2001186803","https://openalex.org/W4323022643","https://openalex.org/W2335866749","https://openalex.org/W2977721371","https://openalex.org/W2089189213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Hypogravity":[1],"treadmills":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4,30],"a":[5,40,63],"popular":[6],"training":[7,195],"tool":[8],"in":[9,108,137,168],"distance":[10],"running":[11,55,81,169,191],"and":[12,45,56,88,96,122,187],"triathlon.":[13],"Counter-intuitively,":[14],"tibial":[15],"acceleration":[16],"load":[17],"is":[18],"not":[19],"attenuated":[20],"by":[21],"hypogravity":[22,54,128,155],"unloading":[23],"during":[24],"running,":[25],"while,":[26],"equally":[27],"surprisingly,":[28],"leaps":[29],"flatter":[31],"instead":[32],"of":[33,83,91,127,154,174,180,199],"higher.":[34],"To":[35],"explain":[36],"these":[37],"effects":[38,126],"from":[39],"biomechanical":[41,125],"perspective,":[42],"Polet,":[43],"Schroeder,":[44],"Bertram":[46],"(2017)":[47],"recently":[48],"developed":[49],"an":[50,135],"energetic":[51],"model":[52,75,117],"for":[53,76,142,172,193],"validated":[57],"it":[58],"with":[59],"recreational":[60],"athletes":[61,78],"at":[62,79],"constant":[64],"jogging":[65],"speed.":[66],"The":[67],"present":[68],"study":[69],"was":[70],"conducted":[71],"to":[72,134,189],"refine":[73],"that":[74,163],"competitive":[77],"relevant":[80],"speeds":[82,143],"12\u201322":[84],"km":[85,146],"h":[86,147],"\u22121":[87,148],"gravity":[89],"levels":[90],"100":[92],"%,":[93],"80":[94],"%":[95],"60":[97],"%.":[98],"Based":[99],"on":[100,104],"new":[101],"experimental":[102],"data":[103],"15":[105],"well-trained":[106],"runners":[107],"treadmill":[109],"tests":[110],"until":[111],"volitional":[112],"exhaustion,":[113],"the":[114,123,178],"enhanced":[115],"semi-empirical":[116],"well":[118],"describes":[119],"energy":[120,138,201],"expenditure":[121],"observed":[124,162],"running.":[129],"Remarkably,":[130],"anaerobic":[131,200],"contributions":[132],"led":[133],"increase":[136],"cost":[139],"per":[140],"meter":[141],"above":[144],"16\u201318":[145],"(":[149],"p":[150],"<":[151],"0.001),":[152],"irrespective":[153],"unloading.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"some":[158],"converging":[159],"trends":[160],"were":[161],"might":[164,183],"reflect":[165],"general":[166],"adaptations":[167],"motor":[170],"control":[171],"optimization":[173],"efficiency.":[175],"In":[176],"essence,":[177],"outcome":[179],"this":[181],"research":[182],"help":[184],"sports":[185],"scientists":[186],"practitioners":[188],"design":[190],"programs":[192],"specific":[194],"stimuli,":[196],"e.g.":[197],"conditioning":[198],"metabolism.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}