{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292882674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","title":"Internet User Trackers and Where to Find Them","display_name":"Internet User Trackers and Where to Find Them","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292882674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acss-2022-0008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/acss-2022-0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737199380","display_name":"Applied Computer Systems","issn_l":"2255-8683","issn":["2255-8683","2255-8691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317398","host_organization_name":"Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317398"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087043256","display_name":"Vitalijs Teze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2165-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vitalijs Teze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riga Technical University , Riga , Latvia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riga Technical University , Riga , Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071222835","display_name":"\u0112rika Nazaruka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Nazaruka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riga Technical University , Riga , Latvia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riga Technical University , Riga , Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087043256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15384664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.7954760193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.7706617116928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7476565837860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.68106609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6089417934417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5888701677322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5488378405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation","display_name":"Legislation","score":0.4633851945400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4522072970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.42910343408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-advertising","display_name":"Online advertising","score":0.42471349239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4216564893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3942166566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.19699737429618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09417751431465149}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.7954760193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.7706617116928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7476565837860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7321473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.68106609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6089417934417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5888701677322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5488378405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4633851945400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4522072970867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42910343408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512338625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624902","display_name":"Online advertising","level":3,"score":0.42471349239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4216564893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3942166566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.19699737429618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09417751431465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2478/acss-2022-0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737199380","display_name":"Applied Computer Systems","issn_l":"2255-8683","issn":["2255-8683","2255-8691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317398","host_organization_name":"Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317398"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c5db5d9732048ef8ac982cb5f828201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c5db5d9732048ef8ac982cb5f828201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computer Systems, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 75-82 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2478/acss-2022-0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","pdf_url":"https://www.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acss-2022-0008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737199380","display_name":"Applied Computer Systems","issn_l":"2255-8683","issn":["2255-8683","2255-8691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317398","host_organization_name":"Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317398"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polish Association for Knowledge Promotion"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292882674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4292882674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34765331","https://openalex.org/W1451156941","https://openalex.org/W1525967479","https://openalex.org/W1554763265","https://openalex.org/W1770989051","https://openalex.org/W1972524097","https://openalex.org/W1998180710","https://openalex.org/W2021375049","https://openalex.org/W2045726900","https://openalex.org/W2067262123","https://openalex.org/W2095450067","https://openalex.org/W2106728444","https://openalex.org/W2134052526","https://openalex.org/W2152065333","https://openalex.org/W2160741926","https://openalex.org/W2293265176","https://openalex.org/W2297075900","https://openalex.org/W2305088560","https://openalex.org/W2563786350","https://openalex.org/W2587978772","https://openalex.org/W2765882297","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2886224131","https://openalex.org/W2912180625","https://openalex.org/W2936525705","https://openalex.org/W2969942015","https://openalex.org/W2974279818","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W2997981980","https://openalex.org/W3016413752","https://openalex.org/W3032454900","https://openalex.org/W3122458291","https://openalex.org/W3125817989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374086689","https://openalex.org/W3176279093","https://openalex.org/W2373945265","https://openalex.org/W2370203001","https://openalex.org/W2250487527","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W4385273546","https://openalex.org/W3018298165","https://openalex.org/W2161065759","https://openalex.org/W2397485170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,50,90,126],"modern":[3],"online":[4,35,79,131],"world,":[5],"users":[6,121],"are":[7],"often":[8],"asked":[9],"for":[10,30,42],"a":[11,18,31,40,43,47,57,61,86,96],"permission":[12,19],"to":[13,20,49,66,94,107,129],"track":[14,95],"their":[15],"actions":[16],"as":[17,98,100],"\u201callow":[21],"cookies\u201d.":[22],"The":[23,110],"gathered":[24],"information":[25,54],"could":[26],"be":[27,105,125],"very":[28],"valuable":[29],"potential":[32,65],"advertiser.":[33],"However,":[34],"tracking":[36,81],"is":[37],"not":[38],"only":[39,127],"benefit":[41],"user":[44,80],"but":[45],"also":[46],"threat":[48],"user\u2019s":[51],"privacy.":[52,132],"This":[53,72],"combined":[55],"with":[56],"targeted":[58],"advertisement":[59],"on":[60,78],"mass":[62],"scale":[63],"has":[64],"alter":[67],"behaviour":[68],"of":[69],"large":[70],"groups.":[71],"study":[73,111],"summarises":[74],"previous":[75],"academic":[76],"work":[77],"and":[82,116,122],"anti-tracking":[83],"measures.":[84],"As":[85],"result,":[87],"it":[88],"describes":[89],"current":[91],"mechanisms":[92],"used":[93],"user,":[97],"well":[99],"some":[101],"methods":[102],"that":[103,113],"can":[104],"applied":[106],"reduce":[108],"tracking.":[109],"concludes":[112],"government":[114],"legislation":[115],"open":[117],"dialog":[118],"between":[119],"Internet":[120],"advertisers":[123],"might":[124],"way":[128],"ensure":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2022-08-24T00:00:00"}