{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280509519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654","title":"Design of AI Trojans for Evading Machine Learning-based Detection of Hardware Trojans","display_name":"Design of AI Trojans for Evading Machine Learning-based Detection of Hardware Trojans","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280509519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607924","display_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013876571","display_name":"Zhixin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-1730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Computer &#x0026; Information Science &#x0026; Engineering,Gainesville,Florida,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Computer &#x0026; Information Science &#x0026; Engineering,Gainesville,Florida,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006818844","display_name":"Prabhat Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Computer &#x0026; Information Science &#x0026; Engineering,Gainesville,Florida,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Computer &#x0026; Information Science &#x0026; Engineering,Gainesville,Florida,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"682","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.9297231435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.8977949619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.8019758462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7309567928314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6599718332290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6115713715553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5868465900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43788382411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33413776755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2921813428401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21606096625328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2140192985534668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.9297231435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.8977949619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.8019758462905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7309567928314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6599718332290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6115713715553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5868465900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43788382411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33413776755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2921813428401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21606096625328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2140192985534668}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607924","display_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2171294354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1908131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2572139170","https://openalex.org/W2724859555","https://openalex.org/W2753199827","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W3082764905","https://openalex.org/W3111154820","https://openalex.org/W3119752259","https://openalex.org/W3128775242","https://openalex.org/W3138946836","https://openalex.org/W4237573843","https://openalex.org/W4280636456","https://openalex.org/W6744302010","https://openalex.org/W6761051576","https://openalex.org/W6782418677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135176461","https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3106646114","https://openalex.org/W4308244459","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4221166349","https://openalex.org/W4200628936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84],"globalized":[1],"semiconductor":[2],"supply":[3],"chain":[4],"significantly":[5,137],"increases":[6],"the":[7,98,112],"risk":[8],"of":[9,29],"exposing":[10],"System-on-Chip":[11],"(SoC)":[12],"designs":[13],"to":[14,49,79,89],"malicious":[15],"implants,":[16],"popularly":[17],"known":[18],"as":[19,52,54],"hardware":[20,31],"Trojans.":[21],"Traditional":[22],"simulation-based":[23],"validation":[24],"is":[25,87],"unsuitable":[26],"for":[27],"detection":[28,44,55,77],"carefully-crafted":[30],"Trojans":[32,115],"with":[33],"extremely":[34],"rare":[35],"trigger":[36],"conditions.":[37],"While":[38],"machine":[39],"learning":[40],"(ML)":[41],"based":[42,142],"Trojan":[43,63,76,93],"approaches":[45,141],"are":[46,60],"promising":[47],"due":[48],"their":[50],"scalability":[51],"well":[53],"accuracy,":[56],"ML-based":[57,75],"methods":[58],"themselves":[59],"vulnerable":[61],"from":[62],"attacks.":[64,145],"In":[65],"this":[66,81],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"a":[70,125],"robust":[71],"backdoor":[72],"attack":[73,133],"on":[74,143],"algorithms":[78],"demonstrate":[80,110],"serious":[82],"vulnerability.":[83],"proposed":[85,113],"framework":[86],"able":[88],"design":[90],"an":[91],"AI":[92,114],"and":[94,127],"implant":[95],"it":[96],"inside":[97],"ML":[99],"model":[100],"that":[101,111,136],"can":[102,116],"be":[103],"triggered":[104],"by":[105],"specific":[106],"inputs.":[107],"Experimental":[108],"results":[109],"bypass":[117],"state-of-the-art":[118],"defense":[119],"algorithms.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"our":[122],"approach":[123],"provides":[124],"fast":[126],"cost-effective":[128],"solution":[129],"in":[130],"achieving":[131],"100%":[132],"success":[134],"rate":[135],"outperforms":[138],"state-of-the":[139],"art":[140],"adversarial":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
