{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384834342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095","title":"Cyber Diplomacy: NATO/EU Engaging with the Global South","display_name":"Cyber Diplomacy: NATO/EU Engaging with the Global South","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384834342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010267472","display_name":"Eduardo Izycki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Izycki","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Candidate / Researcher, University of Bras&#x00ED;lia (UnB),International Relations Institute (IRel),Bras&#x00ED;lia,DF,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Candidate / Researcher, University of Bras&#x00ED;lia (UnB),International Relations Institute (IRel),Bras&#x00ED;lia,DF,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080128974","display_name":"Brett van Niekerk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett van Niekerk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Durban University of Technology,Department of Information Technology,Durban,South Africa","Department of Information Technology, Senior Lecturer, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Durban University of Technology,Department of Information Technology,Durban,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Senior Lecturer, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035474111","display_name":"Trishana Ramluckan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trishana Ramluckan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honorary Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal,School of Law,Durban,South Africa","School of Law, Honorary Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honorary Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal,School of Law,Durban,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Honorary Research Fellow, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010267472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90397918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"417","last_page":"435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9027000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9017999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolitics","display_name":"Geopolitics","score":0.7811681032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.6101744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5909451842308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5600207448005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5551620125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.49953293800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diplomacy","display_name":"Diplomacy","score":0.4840828478336334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-policy","display_name":"Foreign policy","score":0.4768334925174713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economy","display_name":"Economy","score":0.3784012198448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.3464467227458954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.3251835107803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2161010205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.19436004757881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18715879321098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18214339017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15135309100151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14724305272102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11595931649208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.09431430697441101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.7811681032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.6101744771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5909451842308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5600207448005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5551620125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.49953293800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.4840828478336334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.4768334925174713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3784012198448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3464467227458954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3251835107803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2161010205745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.19436004757881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18715879321098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18214339017868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15135309100151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14724305272102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11595931649208069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.09431430697441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10182095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283082196","https://openalex.org/W600373717","https://openalex.org/W1546321574","https://openalex.org/W2781631356","https://openalex.org/W2937571358","https://openalex.org/W2943003711","https://openalex.org/W2965713011","https://openalex.org/W2972463624","https://openalex.org/W3093129789","https://openalex.org/W3103260828","https://openalex.org/W3134621558","https://openalex.org/W3205367121","https://openalex.org/W4205661205","https://openalex.org/W4210656168","https://openalex.org/W4296612732","https://openalex.org/W4296836821","https://openalex.org/W6791124935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W3198349397","https://openalex.org/W2969941952","https://openalex.org/W4319761870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,4,17,36,66,96,99,103,115,133,146,170,173,180,186,201,228,236,265,273],"end":[2],"of":[3,25,102,162,175,182,189,203],"Cold":[5,106],"War,":[6],"there":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"a":[10,13,75,248,256],"movement":[11],"towards":[12,114],"multipolar":[14,43],"world":[15],"as":[16,35,56],"geopolitical":[18,67],"tectonic":[19],"plates":[20],"shift.":[21],"The":[22],"Russian":[23,118,195],"invasion":[24],"Ukraine":[26],"is":[27,124],"likely":[28],"to":[29,72,127,151,211,246],"be":[30],"treated":[31],"by":[32,207,219],"future":[33],"historians":[34],"turning":[37],"point":[38],"ushering":[39],"in":[40,169,179,185,251,268],"this":[41,46,110,129],"new":[42,47],"era.":[44],"In":[45],"context,":[48],"(cyber)":[49],"neutrality":[50],"seems":[51],"challenging":[52],"for":[53,74],"regions":[54,80,134],"such":[55],"Latin":[57,243],"America":[58,244],"and":[59,90,95,105,117,145,153,193,215,227,233,242,264,270],"Africa.":[60],"These":[61],"countries,":[62],"which":[63],"sit":[64],"outside":[65],"fault":[68],"lines,":[69],"naturally":[70],"tend":[71],"strive":[73],"balanced,":[76],"neutral":[77],"position.":[78],"Both":[79],"have":[81],"strong":[82],"economic":[83],"ties":[84],"with":[85,93,235,272],"China,":[86],"while":[87],"maintaining":[88],"cultural":[89],"historical":[91],"connections":[92],"Europe":[94],"US,":[97],"despite":[98],"complex":[100],"legacy":[101],"colonial":[104],"War":[107],"eras.":[108],"However,":[109],"equilibrium":[111],"might":[112],"lean":[113],"Chinese":[116],"positions":[119],"regarding":[120],"cyber":[121,196,205,252],"policy.":[122,253],"It":[123],"particularly":[125,240],"relevant":[126],"address":[128],"question":[130],"given":[131],"that":[132,143,225,261],"contain":[135],"numerous":[136],"swing":[137],"states.":[138],"We":[139,254],"will":[140],"present":[141],"evidence":[142],"NATO":[144,226,263],"EU":[147,229,266],"are":[148],"losing":[149],"ground":[150],"China":[152],"Russia\u2019s":[154],"views":[155],"on":[156,159],"cyberspace,":[157],"based":[158],"three":[160],"subjects":[161],"study:":[163],"(i)":[164],"Global":[165,176,208,237,274],"South":[166,177,209,238],"voting":[167],"patterns":[168],"UN;":[171],"(ii)":[172],"absence":[174],"countries":[178,184,210],"roster":[181],"like-minded":[183],"collaborative":[187],"attribution":[188],"advanced":[190],"persistent":[191],"threats":[192],"recent":[194],"campaigns":[197],"against":[198],"Ukraine;":[199],"(iii)":[200],"use":[202],"offensive":[204],"capabilities":[206],"exert":[212],"information":[213],"control":[214],"surveillance":[216],"(mostly":[217],"enabled":[218],"Western":[220],"companies).":[221],"This":[222],"paper":[223],"argues":[224],"must":[230],"face":[231],"reality":[232],"engage":[234],"\u2013":[239,245],"Africa":[241],"maintain":[247],"competitive":[249],"advantage":[250],"suggest":[255],"more":[257],"straightforward":[258],"values-based":[259],"approach":[260],"involves":[262],"engaging":[267],"capacity-building":[269],"information-sharing":[271],"South.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
