{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207502053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","title":"Virtual Testing and Policy Deployment Framework for Autonomous Navigation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle Using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Virtual Testing and Policy Deployment Framework for Autonomous Navigation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle Using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207502053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","mag":"3207502053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 World Automation Congress (WAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Virtual_testing_and_policy_deployment_framework_for_autonomous_navigation_of_an_unmanned_ground_vehicle_using_reinforcement_learning/20595327","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064519932","display_name":"Tyrell Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tyrell Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089777417","display_name":"Patrick Benavidez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Benavidez","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113537394","display_name":"Mo Jamshidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Jamshidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064519932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70236605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"317","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8259170055389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","score":0.7534337043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waypoint","display_name":"Waypoint","score":0.683922290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6698449850082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6009209156036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48696836829185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.47180095314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4701188802719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4645540416240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.46147820353507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.43959158658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4304739534854889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.29435065388679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.12037116289138794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8259170055389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031473","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","level":2,"score":0.7534337043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781271823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138081","display_name":"Waypoint","level":2,"score":0.683922290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6698449850082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6009209156036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48696836829185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.47180095314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4701188802719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4645540416240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.46147820353507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.43959158658981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4304739534854889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29435065388679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.12037116289138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac50355.2021.9559586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 World Automation Congress (WAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20595327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Virtual_testing_and_policy_deployment_framework_for_autonomous_navigation_of_an_unmanned_ground_vehicle_using_reinforcement_learning/20595327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20595327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Virtual_testing_and_policy_deployment_framework_for_autonomous_navigation_of_an_unmanned_ground_vehicle_using_reinforcement_learning/20595327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525280637","https://openalex.org/W1977655452","https://openalex.org/W2139769245","https://openalex.org/W2885164411","https://openalex.org/W2886498421","https://openalex.org/W2889987506","https://openalex.org/W2900055155","https://openalex.org/W2952720101","https://openalex.org/W2981976244","https://openalex.org/W4297780563","https://openalex.org/W6680880767","https://openalex.org/W6753526802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172752635","https://openalex.org/W4287329430","https://openalex.org/W3126499940","https://openalex.org/W3032985159","https://openalex.org/W2289609570","https://openalex.org/W2668816008","https://openalex.org/W2400105426","https://openalex.org/W2020603873","https://openalex.org/W2037849442","https://openalex.org/W2014101821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88],"use":[1],"of":[2,42,129,148],"deep":[3],"reinforcement":[4,160],"learning":[5,161],"(DRL)":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,12,24,49,72,97,130,143],"framework":[9,146],"for":[10,27,52,84,107,122,137],"training":[11,53,150],"mobile":[13],"robot":[14],"to":[15,56,64,93,96,113,133,152],"perform":[16],"optimal":[17,60],"navigation":[18],"in":[19,80],"an":[20,43,135],"unfamiliar":[21],"environment":[22,38,151],"is":[23],"suitable":[25],"choice":[26],"implementing":[28],"AI":[29],"with":[30,118],"real-time":[31],"robotic":[32],"systems.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,124],"study,":[36],"the":[37,54,59,115,119,127,140,149,156,159],"and":[39,100,142],"surrounding":[40],"obstacles":[41],"Ackermann-steered":[44],"UGV":[45,55,121],"are":[46,92],"reconstructed":[47],"into":[48],"virtual":[50,144],"setting":[51],"centrally":[57],"learn":[58],"route":[61],"(guidance":[62],"actions":[63],"be":[65,94],"taken":[66],"at":[67],"any":[68],"given":[69],"state)":[70],"towards":[71],"desired":[73],"goal":[74],"position":[75],"using":[76,158],"Multi-Agent":[77],"Virtual":[78],"Exploration":[79],"Deep":[81],"Q-Learning":[82],"(MVEDQL)":[83],"various":[85],"model":[86,90,117],"configurations.":[87],"trained":[89],"policies":[91],"transferred":[95],"physical":[98,120],"vehicle":[99,141],"compared":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103],"their":[104],"individual":[105],"effectiveness":[106],"performing":[108],"autonomous":[109],"waypoint":[110],"navigation.":[111],"Prior":[112],"incorporating":[114],"learned":[116],"testing,":[123],"paper":[125],"outlines":[126],"development":[128],"GUI":[131],"application":[132],"provide":[134],"interface":[136],"remotely":[138],"deploying":[139],"reality":[145],"reconstruction":[147],"assist":[153],"safely":[154],"testing":[155],"system":[157],"model.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}