{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886415518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","title":"On Definition of Deep Learning","display_name":"On Definition of Deep Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886415518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","mag":"2886415518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 World Automation Congress (WAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447801","display_name":"Wenjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-8769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.J. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645118","display_name":"Guosheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minzu University of China, School of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minzu University of China, School of Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063169738","display_name":"Yingzi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingzi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062228766","display_name":"Chunli Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9451-3269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunli Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, Canada","College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042824986","display_name":"Madan M. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madan M. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, Canada","College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100447801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95270659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8489483594894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-buzz","display_name":"Marketing buzz","score":0.8093935251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.726502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6810733079910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.062262386083602905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8489483594894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113993141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906759","display_name":"Marketing buzz","level":2,"score":0.8093935251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.726502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6810733079910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.062262386083602905}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/wac.2018.8430387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 World Automation Congress (WAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639538290","https://openalex.org/W1554074460","https://openalex.org/W1586781302","https://openalex.org/W1942903944","https://openalex.org/W1978893767","https://openalex.org/W2001685374","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2145041382","https://openalex.org/W2148497858","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2171625236","https://openalex.org/W2233174585","https://openalex.org/W2244710768","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2344708716","https://openalex.org/W2487295360","https://openalex.org/W2548982044","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4246918423","https://openalex.org/W6640719476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,18,33,48,59],"has":[2],"become":[3],"a":[4,11,40,55],"buzz":[5],"word":[6],"recently.":[7],"However,":[8],"there":[9],"is":[10,26,49],"lack":[12],"of":[13,23],"unified":[14,41],"definition":[15,45],"to":[16,27,31,35,46],"deep":[17,32,47,63],"in":[19],"literature.":[20],"The":[21,51],"goal":[22],"this":[24],"paper":[25,52],"overview":[28],"various":[29],"definitions":[30],"and":[34],"show":[36],"their":[37],"limitations.":[38],"Finally,":[39],"or":[42],"more":[43],"general":[44,56],"given.":[50],"also":[53],"outlines":[54],"methodology":[57],"for":[58],"as":[60,62],"well":[61],"learning.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
